运动性低血红蛋白模型大鼠间歇低氧暴露后红细胞、网织红细胞参数及促红细胞生成素含量变化

Changes in parameters of erythrocyte and reticulocyte and erythropoietin production in a rat model of exercise-induced hemoglobin reduction

背景:在高原环境运动过程中,运动员处于运动刺激与低氧刺激下,对机体血液红细胞的生成和凋亡有着较为显著的影响。目的:在逐步递增负荷运动后采取常压低氧刺激探讨运动性血红蛋白降低的防治方法以及相关机制,观察大鼠红细胞、网织红细胞参数与促红细胞生成素的变化。方法:将SD雄性大鼠随机分成空白对照组(n=10)、模型组(n=40,实施6周逐步递增负荷跑台训练诱导大鼠运动性低血红蛋白)。造模成功后将40只模型大鼠随机分成4组,分别为常氧对照组、低氧刺激1 h组、低氧刺激2 h组、间隔低氧刺激组,每组10只进行低氧暴露,6 d/周,持续3周,实验结束后分别测量各组大鼠红细胞参数、网织红细胞参数及肾脏、血清促红细胞生成素含量。结果与结论:(1)6周递增负荷跑台运动后,模型组大鼠血红蛋白、红细胞数量和红细胞比容与空白对照组相比,均显著降低(P<0.01);(2)与常氧对照组相比,各低氧刺激组网织红细胞计数和百分数显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),网织红细胞体积和网织红细胞的血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.01),尤其是间隔低氧刺激组,但网织红细胞血红蛋白浓度无显著差异;(3)各低氧刺激组肾脏及血清促红细胞生成素水平显著高于常氧刺激组(P<0.01,P<0.05),间隔低氧刺激组升高最明显;(4)结果提示,低氧刺激可加快红细胞的生成,用于运动性低血红蛋白的防治,尤以短时间多次暴露的效果更为理想。

BACKGROUND： In altitude training, exercise and hypoxia stimulations have significant effects on the formation and apoptosis of erythrocyte cells in athletes.OBJECTIVE： To explore the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced hemoglobin reduction and the related mechanisms using normobaric hypoxia stimulation after progressive training, and to observe the changes of erythrocyte-and reticulocyte-related parameters and erythropoietin production in rats. METHODS： Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group（n=10） and model group（n=40, induction of exercise-induced hemoglobin reduction by 6-week progressive training）. Afterwards, the model rats were equivalently randomized into normoxia, 1-hour hypoxia, 2-hour hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia groups. The hypoxic course lasted for 3 weeks, with 6 days per week. The parameters of erythrocyte, reticulocyte and the erythropoietin production in the kidney and serum were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： After 6 weeks of progressive treadmill running, the counts of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group（P〈0.01）. Compared with the normoxia group, in each hypoxia group, the count and percentage of reticulocytes were significantly increased（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）, the volume of reticulocytes and content of hemoglobin in reticulocytes were significantly decreased（P〈0.01）, especially in the intermittent hypoxia group. But the concentration of hemoglobin in reticulocytes showed no significant difference among groups. The levels of erythropoietin in the kidney and serum in each hypoxia group were significantly higher than that in the normoxia group（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）, especially in the intermittent hypoxia group. In summary, hypoxic stimulation especially short-time multiple exposures can accelerate the generation of erythrocytes, which can be used for the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced hypoglobin.