粤港澳大湾区的创新网络与大学角色:网络视角的分析

Innovation Network and University Role in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A Network Analysis

[目的/意义]粤港澳大湾区科教资源丰富,正在向建设国际科技创新中心的目标努力。对大湾区科技创新供给情况进行充分考察,是完善政策举措的第一步。[方法 /过程]基于2012年到2016年间的科技论文和专利数据,本文对粤港澳大湾区地区的知识创新网络(KIN)和技术创新网络(TIN)进行了可视化和结构分析,同时以华南理工大学为案例,评估内地研究型大学在大湾区区域创新网络中的地位、角色和绩效,探究大学在参与区域创新过程中的难点和问题,并提出针对性的政策建议。[结果 /结论 ]研究表明:(1)粤港澳大湾区知识创新网络结构成熟,总体呈中心—边缘的分布形态;(2)内地高校论文数量领先湾区,但创新网络搭建和引领的能力不足;(3)湾区知识创新前沿趋向新型工科发展,地区间存在明显的梯度效应;(4)高科技企业主导大湾区技术创新网络,广深两地技术合作开发模式不同。

[Purpose/significance] Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area（GHMGBA） has abundant scientific and educational resources, and it is striving to build a global sci-tech innovation center as part of its key objectives. A thorough investigation into the development of scientific and technological innovations in GHMGBA is the first step toward better policy making. [Method/process] Based on the scientific papers and patents from 2012 to 2016, this paper provides a structural and visualized analysis of the knowledge and innovation networks（KIN） and technological innovation network（TIN） in GHMGBA. Taking South China University of Technology（SCUT） as an example, this paper evaluates the status, the roles and the performance of mainland research universities in GHMGBA. And it explores the difficulties and problems of universities in participating in regional innovation, and puts forward specific policy suggestions. [Result/conclusion] The results are as follows：（1） the structure of the KIN is mature in GHMGBA with the core-periphery pattern in general;（2） the amount of literature published by mainland universities is ahead that in GHMGBA, yet they lag behind in innovation networks construction and network leadership;（3） knowledge innovation in GHMGBA is heading for Emerging Engineering with remarkable gradient effects among regions;（4） high-tech enterprises play a dominant role in TIN, and Guangzhou and Shenzhen vary in technical cooperation.