历史唯物主义与生命政治批判

Historical Materialism and the Critique of Bio-politics

晚近数十年来福柯等人对生命政治学的探讨,唤醒了人们反思现代自由主义国家的治理限度,确立了当代资本主义批判的新支点。鉴于福柯的生命政治学主要是以政治经济学考古的形式展开的,这为我们今天回到历史唯物主义语境中,考察马克思政治经济学批判的生命政治批判维度提供了重要启示。在马克思从异化范式向生产范式的迁跃中,不仅透过国民经济学批判揭示了资本作为"生命权力"(bio-power)的"规训"本质,并且基于对资本共同体的"纳入性排除"结构的内在性批判,从而使革命具有了现实的力量。在此意义上,考察历史唯物主义的生命政治批判维度,对激发其理论的批判潜能、深化其当代的阐释空间,具有重要意义。

In recent decades,Foucoult and other people＇s discussion of bio-politics has awakened people to reflect the governance limits of the modern liberal state and established the new fulcrum of contemporary capitalist criticism. In view of the fact that Foucoult＇s bio-politics is mainly developed in the form of archaeology of political economy,which provides important enlightenment for us to go back to the historical materialism context today and investigate the dimension of bio-political criticism in the critique of Marx＇s political economy. In the transformation from the alienation paradigm to the production paradigm,Marx not only reveals the＂discipline＂essence of capital as＂bio-power＂through the critique of national economy,but also shapes the proletarian political subject from the capitalism based on the immanent critique of the ＂inclusive exclusion＂structure of capital community,so that the revolution has realistic strength. In this sense,the inspection of the bio-political critique of the historical materialism is of great significant to stimulate critical potential of the theory and deepen its contemporary interpretation space.