儒家责过伦理思想管窥

A Glimpse of Confucian's Responsibility and Fault Ethics

儒家责过思想十分丰富,它深刻揭示了"责"和"过"的丰富内涵。如果说责是手段,是工具理性,那么过是责行为的内容,是施与的对象;从善则是责的目的,是改过的目标,也是一种价值理性。历代儒家阐述了极为丰富、需要精深挖掘的"过"论及其"过失"论。虽然儒家不大直接使用"责过"这一组合词,但经常把"责"和"过"联系起来阐释问责、思过、改过等问题,由此既丰富了儒家的过论又补充完善了儒家的责任伦理思想。概括起来,儒家的责过伦理思想大致由人必有过、过而必责、有过必改和责过改过必责志四大部分组成。

The Confucian’s thought of responsibility and fault with rich content profoundly reveals the rich connotation of＂responsibility＂and ＂fault＂. If the ＂responsibility＂can be said to be a means,an instrumental of rationality,the＂fault＂then is the content of the ＂responsibility＂behavior,the object of ＂giving＂; Being good is the purpose of ＂responsibility＂,the goal of correction,and is also a kind of value rationality. All Confucianism in previous dynasties has expounded the rich theory of＂fault＂and＂negligence＂,that still needs to dig their deep denotations. Although it is not often for the Confucianism to use the combination of＂responsibility＂and＂fault＂,it frequently interprets the ＂blame＂,＂repenting＂and ＂correction＂associating with the meaning of ＂responsibility＂and＂fault＂. Thus in this way,it has enriched and perfected the theory of Confucian’s responsibility ethics. In summary,the Confucian’s responsibility ethics is roughly made up of the four parts： every one making mistake,fault being followed by blaming,fault being followed by correction,blaming being followed by correction.