我国反家庭暴力立法的现状反思与制度完善

Reflection on the current situation and institutional improvement of anti-domestic violence legislation in China

作为我国大陆地区首部面向家庭暴力防治问题的专门立法,《反家庭暴力法》正面临两大主要缺陷:一是"家庭暴力"的范围界定过窄,集中反映在有关家庭暴力之实施主体与表现形式的规定不够全面;二是家庭暴力的预防及处置机制缺乏可操作性,具体表现为宣示性条款较多以及近亲属代为起诉、强制性报告义务、撤销监护人资格等制度存在漏洞。为此,有必要重塑"家庭(成员)"的认定标准及扩大"暴力"的表现形式,藉此拓宽"家庭暴力"的范围;同时,应适当引入反家暴公益诉讼以弥补近亲属代为起诉制度的不足,也应为撤销原监护人资格后需由民政部门、居(村)委会承担监护责任的被监护人提供适度的国家专项扶助资金;还应从报告主体、报告时限、报告义务的引发标准与法律责任等方面细化强制性报告义务的操作规则,以此增强反家庭暴力相关法律机制的可操作性。

As the first special legislation on preventing and controlling domestic violence in China's Mainland,The Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People ＇s Republic of China are facing two major drawbacks.Firstly,the scope of＂domestic violence＂has been narrowly defined and it is mainly reflected in the fact that the provisions on the implementing subject and the expression form of domestic violence are not comprehensive enough. Secondly,the prevention-and-treatment mechanism of domestic violence lacks operatibility,which is manifested in the fact that there are many proclamation provisions as well as the systems about near relatives on behalf of the prosecution,mandatory reporting obligations and revocation of guardian ＇s qualifications exist loopholes. It is necessary to reshape the recognition standard of ＂family（ member） ＂ and expand the manifestations of ＂violence＂,so as to broaden the scope of ＂domestic violence＂. Meanwhile,anti-domestic violence public interest litigation should be introduced to make up for the shortcomings of near relatives on behalf of the prosecution system,and appropriate national special support funds should be provided for persons who are under the guardianship of the civil affairs and residence（ or village） committee after the original guardian＇s qualification is revoked. In addition,in order to enhance the operability of anti-domestic violence＇s relevant legal mechanisms,the operating rules of mandatory reporting obligation should be improved from the following aspects of the reporter,reporting time＇s limit,reporting obligation＇s triggering criteria and its legal responsibility.