液化天然气项目安全距离探讨

Discussion on Safety Distance for LNG Project

安全距离计算是液化天然气项目建设的一个重要环节,需充分考虑周边公共社会安全以及自然生态环境安全。分析了国内外液化天然气装置中因安全距离不足引发的典型事故案例,对比了国内相关安全距离的法规、标准和要求,并对国内现有的安全距离确定方法进行了总结。根据我国液化天然气安全距离标准的现状,提出应严格执行以事故后果为主要依据,以数学模型为分析手段的方法,对蒸气云扩散、火灾、爆炸等工况进行研究。从量化风险的角度,判定所采取安全措施对降低风险的有效性,并在此基础上提出设置安全距离的建议。经分析认为,应选择对整体系统影响较大的单元和以事故后果为依据的定量分析办法进行安全距离的确定。该研究结果可为进一步完善LNG建设项目安全距离风险评估提供技术服务与支持。

The calculation of safety distance is an important link in the construction of LNG project. We should fully consider the public social security of the surrounding people and property and the safety of natural ecological environment in the calculation of safety distance. In this paper, the typical accident cases caused by insufficient safety distance in the domestic and international LNG installations are analyzed, and relevant domestic safety distance regulations, standards and requirements are compared. Finally, the existing methods for determining the safety distance in China are summarized. This paper proposes that the consequences of accidents should be chosen as the main basis, and the mathematical model as the analysis method to perform study on diffusion of steam cloud, fire, explosion and other conditions. From the perspective of quantitative risk, the availability for safety measures to reduce the risk are determined, and suggestions for setting safety distance are also proposed. Through analysis, it is believed that the unit that has a great influence on the whole system should be selected, and the safety distance should be determined by quantitative analysis method based on accident consequences. The results can provide technical service and support for the risk assessment of safety distance in LNG project.