罗布泊野骆驼自然保护区野骆驼种群数量研究

Study on Wild Camel PoPulation in Lop Nuv Wild Camel Natare Reserve

野骆驼是世界上唯一存在的骆驼科真驼属野生种,属世界极度濒危物种,历史上广泛分布在中亚干旱荒漠区,数量曾达到10,000峰以上,但到上世纪末,由于人类活动加剧,野骆驼数量和分布面积都急剧减少。1997年前后,分布在罗布泊地区的野骆驼数量仅为340~420峰。2010-2013年,在新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区设定了14条样线,每年的04-06月沿样线对野骆驼数量进行野外调查,记录样线两侧3 000 m以内观察到的野骆驼个体数量、群体大小、成年与幼年驼。根据四月的观测结果,罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区内分布的野骆驼数量为638±251峰,平均种群密度为0.068±0.025峰/km^2。大于10峰野骆驼群的种群结构2010-2013年的野骆驼成幼驼比3.0:1,略低于2003~2005年的3.6:1,由此可见,近些年野骆驼种群结构趋合理,保护区野骆驼数量有所增加。

Wild camels are the only surviving wild species of Camelus genus under the Camelidae,and are critically endangered. Historically,Wild camels were widely distributed in the arid area of Central Asia and were found in large numbers of over 10,000. But by the end of last century,the population and distribution area of wild camels have decreased rapidly due to the intensification of human activity. Around 1997,the population of wild camels was only 340- 420 in the Lop Nur area. In 2010-2013,fourteen line transects were designed in Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve,and field survey on wild camel population was carried out along the line transects in each April - June,to record the observed number of wild camels,group size,adults and calves within 3,000 m on both sides of the line transects. According to the observed results over four years,the population of wild camels in Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve is 638±251,with an average population density of 0.068±0.025 camels/km^2. In terms of population structure with over 10 wild camels,the ratio of adults to calves is 3. 0： 1 in 2010 - 2013,slightly lower than3.6： 1 in 2003-2005,this shows,the population structure of wild camels tends to be reasonable,and the population of wild camels in the reserve has increased in recent years.