“民族纪录片”的历史演进、“国家传统”与美学创新

The Historical Evolution,“National Tradition”and Aesthetic Innovation of “Ethnic Documentary”

"民族纪录片"以其数量众多、社会意义重大、文化内涵深刻、人文风致醇美、艺术样式丰富、民族特色鲜亮成为当代中国最为重要而独特的影视片种。中国民族纪录片的繁盛,起因于其遇到了1949年的中华人民共和国成立和20世纪80年代至今改革开放与民族复兴等两大"国家体系形成"的"历史变迁"的关键时刻。延续中国数千年代代修史的"历史书写"传统"史志实录"的"纪实"、20世纪30年代凌纯声"标本电影"的"求真"和郑君里"戏剧化处理"的"求艺"以及之后真正完善强化起来的"大众传播"的"新闻性",构成了我国民族纪录片的国家传统。面对我们在大国崛起、民族复兴中壮势发展的民族纪录片,汲取世界人类学电影、民族志电影的"民族志诗学"的美学沃润,建立具有中国特色的"民族志诗学",确立"写文化"意识,选择"文学转向",坚持新闻化走向,进行叙事模式的创新,就一定能在这个全面改革开放的伟大时代中,有更大作为。

Ethnic documentary is the most important and unique genre of film in contemporary China because of its large quantity,significant social implications,profound cultural connotation,rich humanist beauty,various artistic styles and characteristic ethnic features. The prosperity of Chinese ethnic documentary can be attributed to two significant points,＂the forming of national system＂and ＂the historical change＂,which are manifested in the founding of the People＇s Republic of China in 1949,the Reform and Opening Up Policy and the national rejuvenation since the 1980 s. The national tradition of ethnic documentary can be seen from several stages： the ＂historical writing＂tradition and the ＂documentation＂of ＂historical records＂which lasted for thousands of years in China,the ＂request for authenticity＂in the ＂specimen films＂by Ling Chunsheng in the 1930 s,the ＂request for arts＂in the ＂dramatization process＂by Zheng Junli,and finally the ＂journalism＂of＂mass communication＂which developed and matured afterwards. In regard to the booming of ethnic documentary under the backdrop of the rise of China and the national rejuvenation,it is necessary to absorb the aesthetic nutrition of ＂ethnographic poetics＂of world anthropological films and ethnographic films in order to establish the ＂ethnographic poetics＂with Chinese characteristics,to ascertain the consciousness of ＂writing culture＂,to choose ＂cultural turn＂,to persist on journalism,and to innovate in the mode of narration. Consequently,Chinese ethnic documentary can develop to a bright future in the great age of comprehensive reform and opening up.