“水”中窥“道”：缺水社会的生活实践与秩序变迁--以西北T村为例

Seeing from Water: The Living Practice and Changes of order in the Society Lack of Water Resources: A Case Study of T Village in the Northwest of China

对水资源缺乏地区水与社会关系的人类学研究能具体而微地理解以"水"为中心的生活实践及其当代变迁。西北T村是典型的水资源缺乏社会,一方面,基于水资源生态整体状况的传统文化表达、实践呈现出独特的地方感与社会心理,一方面,在以泉水资源作为中心的村落社会交往实践中,既展现出以道德为主而非激烈争夺的特征,也透过以泉水分类、神圣等级建构为特征的水神信仰呈现了社会结合的多元宗教信仰底色,与以往研究的丰水型社会明显有别。在大流动、新农村建设背景下,尤其是作为现代化标志的自来水工程建设与使用,不仅使传统泉域社会生活具有的地方感知性、道德性、信仰底色及互动意义消退,而且水的商品化及权力、结构下的管理实践对村落社会生活带来了不可忽视的消极影响,折射出当代村落发展中的新现实,当务之急是如何重构有序合理的乡村生活实践。

Study on the relationship between water and society in lack of water resources helps to understand the life logic and its changes. As a typical society in lack of water resources in the northwest of China,in the T village the cultural expression of water resources and its ecological pattern shows a unique local sense and cultural psychology,,the social interaction centered on the use of spring water shows the characteristics of moral color rather than fierce interest,and different water God belief constructed through the classification of spring presents multi belief characteristic of the social integration,these are all distinctly different from the society with rich water resources. Under the background of the large flow and the construction of the new countryside,Population flow and especially the construction and use of running water which as a symbol of modernization has made the cultural perception,moral,religious characteristics and interactive regression of the traditional rural life fading away.The commercialization and the daily management of water influenced by power and social structure bring negative influence to the village life. It reflects the new dilemma of village in the development.The urgent matter is the reconstruction of the orderly and rational life logic.