基于市场导向的水权交易价格形成机制理论框架研究

Theoretical framework of market-oriented pricing mechanism for water rights transaction

中国水资源存在人均水资源占有量低、水资源时空分布不均等问题,促使不同地区以及行业之间开展了水权交易的有益探索。然而目前中国水权市场尚未发育成熟,水权交易体系仍不完善,更缺乏相关水权交易价格形成机制的理论框架和技术方法。因此,作为实现水资源合理利用、优化配置最有效的措施之一,水权交易价格管理迫切需要在国家水资源管理新制度框架下完善理论体系并指导实践。在市场配置资源的导向下,基于水市场为"准市场"的基本特征,面向我国水资源管理的新要求,专门探讨水权交易中的核心问题,即水权交易价格形成机制。首先,借鉴国内外有关水权交易市场和水权交易价格确定的先进理论和实践,分析国内外水权交易价格的研究动态,进而提出市场导向视角下水权交易价格形成机制研究的总体理论构思。其次,在对国内外水权交易理论研究进行梳理的基础上,根据复杂适应系统理论,构建适应性水权交易系统,分析市场导向下的水权交易行为主体。再次,提出市场导向下影响水权交易价格的基本要件,并探讨其测算方法。最后,提出研究中国情境下的水权交易价格形成机制的两个基本步骤:一是测算水权交易基础价格,构建全成本水权定价模型和影子价格模型,并予以综合建立水权交易基础定价模型;二是构建水权场内交易双边叫价拍卖模型,研究水权交易场内转让价格的形成机制。开展本研究有利于发挥水权价格杠杆的调节作用,促进中国特色公平、有序的水权交易市场的构建,为完善我国水权管理制度提供决策参考。

Due to problems such as low per capita water resources and unequal distribution of water resources in time and space, a beneficial exploration of water rights transactions is carried out between different regions and industries. However, at present, the water rights market in China is not yet mature, and the water rights trading system is still not perfect. There is also no theoretical framework or technical method for the pricing mechanism of water rights transaction. Therefore, one of the most effective measures to achieve rational utilization and optimal allocation of water resources is water rights trading pricing mechanism. Its theoretical system needs to be perfected in order to guide practice under the new framework of national water resources management. Based on the new requirements of China’s water resources management, the water market’s basic feature as a ‘quasi-market’, and the guidance of market resource allocation, we will specifically discuss the key problems of water rights transaction, namely, the pricing mechanism of water rights trading. First of all, referring to the advanced theories and practices related to water rights trading both at domestic and abroad, this paper analyzes the research trends of water rights trading prices, and then puts forward the theoretical framework. Secondly, based on the theory of complex adaptive systems, adaptive water rights trading system is constructed to analyze the market-oriented water rights trading subject. Thirdly, this study puts forward the basic elements that influence the price of water rights trading and discusses the calculation method. Finally, two basic steps are taken to study the pricing mechanism in the context of China： Firstly, based on the full cost accounting technique and shadow pricing method, the basic pricing model is established to measure the basic price of water rights transaction; the second is to determine transfer price by establishing the bilateral bidding auction model for water rights internal transactions. Carrying out this study is beneficial to exert leverage for the water rights price. It can also help to build a fair, orderly water rights transaction market with Chinese characteristics, and provide decision-making reference for improving our water rights management system.