环境规制、资本深化对劳动生产率的影响

The influence of environmental regulation and capital deepening on labor productivity

由于环境污染、资源枯竭等生态问题对经济发展约束力不断增强,中国传统生产方式面临的挑战日益加剧,研究环境规制与资本深化对劳动生产率的影响并提出相应的政策建议对于实现环境保护与经济增长双赢具有重要现实意义。基于此,本文采用中国35个行业2005—2015年的面板数据,并根据环境规制强度的差异将行业划分为三大类,探讨在行业污染密集程度存在差异的背景下环境规制对劳动生产率的影响,并以资本深化水平为中介变量,扩展分析资本深化水平对于环境规制影响劳动生产率的门槛效应。研究表明:(1)环境规制与劳动生产率之间存在倒"U"型关系,当环境规制强度跨越门槛值时,环境规制将会导致劳动生产率的下降;此外环境规制与劳动生产率的关系随着行业污染密集程度的不同而存在显著差别。(2)资本深化在环境规制与劳动生产率之间的中介效应显著且为正,即资本深化有助于更好发挥环境规制对劳动生产率的提升作用。(3)资本深化的中介作用存在双重门槛效应,在资本深化的不同门槛区间内,环境规制对劳动生产率的提升作用程度存在差别,随着资本深化门槛值的增加,环境规制对劳动生产率的提升作用逐渐增大。(4)不同资本密集型行业中资本深化中介作用门槛效应的发挥存在显著差异:在高资本密集行业中,资本深化中介作用具有单门槛效应;而在低资本密集行业中,资本深化的中介作用具有双重门槛效应,且在不同门槛区间内环境规制对劳动生产率的提升作用明显高于高资本密集行业。因此通过丰富环境手段、合理制定环境规制强度、优化资本深化模式有助于增强环境规制对劳动生产率的提升作用,以推进经济健康发展,实现建设美丽中国的伟大目标。

As the environmental problems such as environmental pollution and depletion of resources continue to increase their binding force on economic development, the challenges China s traditional production methods are facing are becoming more and more intensified. The study on the impact of environmental regulation and capital deepening on labor productivity and the corresponding policy recommendations are of great importance to environmental protection and win-win economic growth has important practical significance. Based on this, the panel data of 35 industries in China from 2005 to 2015 are adopted, and the industries are divided into three categories based on the differences in the intensity of environmental regulation. The impact of environmental regulation on labor productivity in the context of industry-intensive pollution is discussed. And the deepening level of capital is taken as a mediator variable to expand the analysis of the level of capital for the environmental regulation of the threshold effect of labor productivity. The research shows that： first, there is an inverted ‘U’ relationship between environmental regulation and labor productivity. When the intensity of environmental regulation crosses the threshold, environmental regulation will lead to the decline of labor productivity. In addition, the relationship between environmental regulation and labor productivity will change with the different industrial pollution degrees. Second, the mediating effect exerted by capital deepening between environmental regulation and labor productivity is significantly positive. In other words, the capital deepening helps to give full play to the enhancement of environmental regulation on labor productivity. Third, the dual role of capital deepening has a double threshold effect. In the different thresholds of capital deepening, there are differences in the role of environmental regulation in promoting labor productivity. With the increase of the threshold of capital deepening, the effect of environmental regulation on the enhancement of labor productivity increases. Fourth, there are significant differences in the threshold effect of capital deepening intermediary in different capital-intensive industries. In high capital-intensive industries, the role of capital deepening intermediary has a single threshold effect. In low-capital intensive industries, the intermediary role of capital deepening has double threshold effect, and in different thresholds environmental regulation on the promotion of labor productivity was significantly higher than the high capital-intensive industries. Therefore, by means of enriching the environment, rationally formulating the intensity of environmental regulation and optimizing the mode of capital deepening, it is possible to enhance the enhancement of environmental regulation on labor productivity to promote sound economic development and realize the great goal of building a beautiful China.