施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

Effects of zinc fertilizer and shade on growth and development,disease resistance and yield of peanut

采用大田裂区试验,研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明,与不施锌肥相比,施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值,提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量,减少花生病害的发生,平均发病率降低7.2个百分点,花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下,随着遮阴程度的增加,花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势,花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点,花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下,施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下,施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2,使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能,增产显著,可在花生产区推广应用。

Field split plot experiments were carried out to explore the effect of interaction between Zinc fertilizer and shade on development,disease resistance and yield of peanut. The results showed that application of zinc fertilizer improved zinc content in different parts of peanut,leaf SPAD value and content of soluble sugar,protein and auxin in leaf,meanwhile reduced disease rate of peanut with the reduction of 7. 2 percentage point,contributed to the increase of peanut yield by 19. 4%,compared with no zinc fertilizer. In the same application rate of zinc,however,zinc content in different parts of peanut and leaf SPAD values in different growth stages decreased with the increase of shade degree,content of soluble sugar,protein and auxin in leaf increased,incidence of peanut disease average increased by 4. 8 and 10. 2 percentage points,pod yield of peanut average decreased by 16. 5% and 10.0% with the shade degree increased. Under 30%,70% shade degree,pod yield of peanut with applied zinc fertilizer increased by 21. 1%,25. 0% respectively,compared with no zinc fertilizer. In our experiment,30 kg/hm2 of zinc fertilizer was applied,which made the peanut more resistant to low-temperature and less-light,anti-disease performance,increased pod yield significantly,that could be widely used in peanut production.