从“商改国立”到国立:私立南开大学复校进程中的国家意志与恩怨纠葛

From "Suggestions on Transformation to National University" to Nationalization:The Personal Entanglements and National Will in the Process of School Revival of Private Nankai University

1946年,国民政府教育部的一纸决定,使得私立南开大学国立化的命运尘埃落定。本文将私立南开大学置于抗战复校的大背景之中加以分析,认为私立南开大学从"商改国立"到收归国立的复校进程背后既有国家意志的强势介入(整合办学资源、控制意识形态),也有个人恩怨纠葛。因此,将私立南开大学收归国立的原因简单地归结为以防"群起效法",并不符合历史事实。分析私立南开大学收归国立背后的成因具有积极的意义,有助于理解特定背景之下政府与学府、教育与政治之间的关系,也有助于理解近代中国私立大学发展的历史境遇与时代命运。

In 1946,a document issued by the Ministry of Education of the ROC Government decided the fate of nationalizing the private Nankai University.By positioning private Nankai University in the context of Anti-Japanese War and school revival,the paper maintains that its revival process from ＂suggestions on transformation to national university＂ to nationalization involves both strong interference of national will（school resources integration and ideological control）and personal factors.Therefore,it is not true to simply attribute the nationalization of private Nankai University to the avoidance of ＂following suit＂.The findings may shed light on the relationship between government and universities,and between education and politics in specific historical context,as well as the historical situation and the fate of the times in the development of private universities in modern China.