高校管理侵权与学生权益救济机制的现实考察——基于1441份问卷的实证分析

A Practical Investigation on College Tort Cases and the Relief Mechanism of Students' Rights Based on 1441 Questionnaires

高校处分、拒授学位与毕业证等教学管理工作并非高校管理侵权的主要领域,来自后勤服务、行政管理的侵权行为才是学生权益受损的主要来源。大学章程过于原则抽象,申诉制度存在适用范围狭窄、自我监督等缺陷,学生自治组织松散无力,司法介入成本过高,因而均不宜作为当前高校学生权益救济的主要途径。高校学生维权困局的根本症结在于,高校行政化趋向下官僚主义思维的盛行与服务意识的缺乏,以及当下高校治理体系中关于后勤、行政工作人员监督与责任制裁制度的结构性缺失。构建"二元三层"的监督救济体系,将制度建设、学生权益救济与追责惩戒结合起来,是化解当前高校学生权益困局的治本之策。

College tort cases mainly occurred in fields of rear service and administrative management instead of teaching management affairs such as disciplinary sanction and refusal to confer degrees or diplomas.The university statute is too abstract to be applied.The student appeal system has shortcomings such as self-supervision and narrow scope of application.Autonomous student organizations are loose and powerless.The cost of judicial intervention is too high.None of those methods is the most appropriate path to relieve students＇ rights and interests.The ultimate reason for the dilemma of college students＇rights protection is the lack of supervision and responsibility for college rear service clerks and administrative personnel and the absence of service awareness as well as a deep-rooted bureaucratic thinking caused by the tendency of university administration.To solve this problem,a supervision system including two main bodies and three aspects should be established.Only by combining the construction of legislation,the relief mechanism of students＇ rights and the supervision system for college administrative staff and rear service personnel,can we break the dilemma of college students＇ rights protection.