湖北省地质灾害发育环境和防治区划现状研究

Developing Environment of Geo-disaster in Hubei Province and its Control Division

针对湖北省地质灾害"点多线长面广体大",以及种类多、频率高、灾情重、汛期突、防治难等特点,首先基于"工程地圈系统",从地形地貌、地层岩性、工程活动、大气降雨和自然灾害等方面分区描述其地质环境。然后从整体上给出其存在的地质灾害风险,包括地质灾害类型、数量和分布。最后,通过定性和定量形式对比解释易发程度分区和防治区划分现状等。结果表明:(1)工程活动对地质灾害的影响很大。鄂西山区以公路切坡和水库蓄水为主,易发生以滑坡、崩塌和泥石流为主的地质灾害。鄂东南低山丘陵区以资源开采和地下水抽采为主,易发生以塌陷和沉陷为主的地质灾害。它们均属高-中易发区和重点防治区。(2)湖北省地质灾害高-中易发区占全省国土面积的49.42%。鄂西山区占全省国土面积约40%,人口占总人口约20%,而地质灾害占全省的80.0%以上。因此,鄂西山区是湖北省地质灾害最大集中区,对其发育特征和治理设计进行研究具有重要意义。

Geo-disaster in Hubei Province has several characteristics, such as wide distribution, multi-classification, high frequency, serious situation, prominent in flood season and difficult to be controlled, it s decided by the geo-environment. Firstly, based on Engineering Geo-sphere System, describing the geo-environment including terrain and landform, formation lithology, engineering activity, atmosphere rainfall and natural disaster, etc., and then giving the existing geo-disaster risks. Finally, subarea of simple to cause and control division were explained by comparisons. The results show： ①Engineering activities have large influence on the geo-disaster. Western Hubei Province has mainly the highway slope-cutting and reservoir filling, it s more easy to cause landslide, collapse and mud-rock flow. Southeastern Hubei Province has mainly the resource exploitation and groundwater pumping, it s easier to cause subsidence and settlement. They re all the high-middle geo-disaster subarea and key control division. ②The high-middle geo-disaster subarea is about 49.42% of Hubei Province. Western Hubei Province area is about 40% of the whole, and the population is only about 20%, while the geo-disaster is beyond 80%. Therefore, western Hubei Province is the largest area to cause geo-disaster, it s very significant to study its developing characteristics and control design.