视觉障碍人群在紧急状态下的疏散模型研究

A Research on Emergency Evacuation Mode of Visually Impaired People

残疾人作为社会的一个特殊群体,他们的生活质量应该得到更多关心。以视觉障碍人群为研究对象,讨论在紧急状态下,符合他们行为特点的疏散方式。32名被试者在室内进行了3组不同条件下的疏散实验测试,分别为无引导员疏散、每人配置引导员疏散与单引导员集中疏散三种模式。从实验结果与ANOVA分析可以看出,视觉障碍人群在每人配置引导员情况下与无引导员疏散情况下步行平均速度基本一致,而单引导员集中疏散的模式中,步行平均速度要比其它两种情况高很多。基于实验的观察与数据的分析结果,从建筑内部防灾疏散分区划定、信号引导系统设计以及引导人员配置等几个方面,提出视觉障碍人群的疏散模型。通过本次研究的结果,可以推进城市、建筑安全设计规范的进一步完善。

As a special group of society, life quality of the disabled should be concerned more. In this study, the visual impaired people are selected as research objectives to discuss the evacuation mode that fit the characteristics of their behavior on emergency. Thirty-two participants carried out three different conditions evacuation tests which were evacuation without guide, that each person configures a guide and centralized evacuation with single guide. From the experimental results and ANOVA analysis, it can be seen that the mean walking speed of visually impaired people in evacuation of configures guide was close to the evacuation without guide, and the mean speed in centralized evacuation with single guide was faster than other two tests. Based on the observation and analysis of the results, the evacuation model of visually impaired people was proposed with the aspects of interior evacuation zoning, signal guidance system design and guide staffing. Through this study, it can provide reference for the further improvement of urban and building safety design codes.