贝加尔针茅割草地地上生物量对施肥及打孔的响应

Responses of Aboveground Biomass to Fertilizing and Perforating in Stipa baicalensis Clipping Pasture

呼伦贝尔割草地由于在利用时间和空间上比较固定,连年打草导致割草地严重退化。为保护呼伦贝尔割草地和促进草地生态恢复,采用打孔及"3414"土肥配方试验,施用氮、磷和钾肥作为试验处理因素,结合回归拟合及模拟寻优等分析方法,得到如下结论。单因素氮肥在非打孔区域对生物量的影响显著,且存在最佳施肥水平(施肥量为105kg·hm^(-2))和理论最高草地生物量(55.66g·m^(-2));双因素中,打孔区域氮、磷和钾两两之间的组合效应均高于非打孔区域,说明打孔与施肥同时进行可改善施肥对草地生物量的影响程度,也说明打孔对草地生物量的提高具有促进作用。天然割草地采用"3414"土肥配方试验需要增加处理重复或者样点重复,以保证数据的集中性反映施肥处理效果。依据氮、磷和钾全信息模拟寻优结果,非打孔区域对应的施肥量分别为246.14kg·hm^(-2)、246.75kg·hm^(-2)和8.68kg·hm^(-2),此时草地最大地上生物量为62.09g·m^(-2);打孔区域的最优处理组合施肥量分别为氮肥231.50kg·hm^(-2)、磷肥374.50kg·hm^(-2)和钾肥25.20kg·hm^(-2),获得最大草地地上生物量为58.12g·m^(-2)。

In Hulunber grassland,because of its relatively fixed time and space,grassland has been severely degraded after successive years of grass clipping.To protect the Hulunbeier grassland and promote the protection of the grassland ecological environment and the sustainable development of animal husbandry,the＂3414＂soil and fertilizer formula test was used with application of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）fertilizer as the experimental factors,combined with descriptive statistics,comparative analysis,regression analysis and other analytical methods,obtained the following results.Single factor N fertilizers were found to have a significant effect on biomass in non-perforated areas,and there was an optimal fertilization level（fertilizer amount of 105 kg·hm^（-2））and the highest theoretical grassland biomass（55.66 g·m^（-2））.In the two factors,the combined effect of N,P and K in the perforated area was higher than that in the non-perforated area,indicating that drilling and fertilization could improve the effect of fertilization on grassland biomass,which can promote the improvement of grassland biomass.The results indicated the＂3414＂can be used in natural clipping pasture,and need to increase the repeated processing or repeated samples to ensure that the concentrated data reflected the fertilization effect.Based on the comprehensive information of N,P and K,the corresponding non-perforated areas were 246.14 kg·hm^（-2）,246.75 kg·hm^（-2）,and 8.68 kg·hm^（-2）,respectively.The maximum of biomass yield was 62.09 g·m^（-2）.The optimum combination of fertilizers in the hole-punching area was 231.50 kg·hm^（-2） for N,374.50 kg·hm^（-2） for P and 25.20 kg·hm^（-2） for K,respectively.The maximum grassland aboveground biomass was obtained.The amount was 58.12 g·m^（-2）.