内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区蝶类群落多样性

The species diversity of butterfly community in Saihanwula Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia

为了解赛罕乌拉自然保护区不同生境下蝶类群落多样性及人为干扰对蝶类多样性的影响,2016—2017年在赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区的山地草原、河流湿地、山地森林、典型草原和湿地草甸5种生境对蝶类多样性进行了调查。共采集记录蝶类1826只71种,隶属5科55属,其中粉蝶科(Pieridae)的个体数最多,蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)的属数和种数最多。不同生境类型的蝶类群落组成有差异,山地森林的蝶类的属数和种数最多,有47属58种,典型草原最少,有9属10种。对保护区蝶类群落特征分析结果表明,蛱蝶科的Shannon多样性指数(2.93)和Margalef丰富度指数(5.44)最高,弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)的Pielou均匀度指数(0.86)最高,凤蝶科(Papilionidae)的Berger-Parker优势度指数(0.77)最高。各生境蝶类的多样性有明显差异,山地森林的多样性指数最高,典型草原的多样性指数最低。保护区碟类群落多样性指数具明显的时序特征,7月的多样性指数最高,9月的多样性指数最低。通过Jaccard群落相似性系数计算可知,山地草原与湿地草甸的蝶类Jaccard群落相似性系数(0.43)最高。蝶类群落多样性与植被类型有明显的相关性,人为干扰对蝶类群落多样性有破坏作用。

To understand diversity of butterfly community and the effects of human disturbance in different habitats of Saihanwula Nature Reserve, butterfly community composition was surveyed from 2016 to 2017 in five different habitats, i.e. mountain grassland, river wetland, mountain forest, typical steppe, and wetland meadow. A total of 1826 butterfly individuals were collected, of which 71 species belonging to five families 55 genera were identified. Pieridae had the most number of individuals. Nymphalidae had the most number of species and families. The composition of butterflies differed among different habitats. The highest species number was in mountain forest, with 58 species from 47 families, while the least was in the typical steppe, with 10 species from nine families. The analysis of butterfly community characteristics showed that the Nymphalidae had the highest Shannon diversity index （2.93） and Margalef richness index （5.44）. Hesperiidae had the highest Pielou evenness index （0.86） and Papilionidae had the highest Berger-Parker dominance index （0.77）. There was a significant difference in the diversity of butterflies among habitats, with the diversity index being the highest in mountain forest and the lowest in the typical steppe. Moreover, the diversity index of butterfly community had obvious temporal pattern, being the highest in July and the lowest in September. The Jaccard community similarity （0.43） was the highest between mountain grassland and wetland meadow. There was a clear relationship between diversity of butterfly community and vegetation type. Human disturbance had negative effects on butterfly community diversity.