养猪业常用抗生素的发光细菌急性毒性研究

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Common-used Antibiotics in Swine Husbandry by Luminescent Bacterium

猪场废水中常常含有饲用和医用抗生素,不仅影响废水生物处理,也直接污染受纳水体。试验采用发光细菌急性毒性测试法,测定了养猪业常用抗生素的急性毒性。结果表明,在室温20℃~25℃,pH值为6.98~7.02的条件下,林可霉素,青霉素G钠和杆菌肽的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为:19.45 g·L-1,10.10 g·L-1和6.91 g·L-1,属于轻度毒性物质;氯霉素、恩诺沙星、硫酸链霉素、氟苯尼考的IC50分别为473 mg·L-1,157 mg·L-1,142 mg·L-1和95 mg·L-1,属于中度毒性物质;盐酸金霉素和硫酸多粘菌素的IC50分别为12 mg·L-1和4 mg·L-1,属于高度毒性物质。根据养猪业常用抗生素的发光细菌急性毒性数据,可以初步判断抗生素对猪场废水生物处理的影响,分析猪场废水的环境风险。

Swine wastewater often contains therapeutic and growth-promoting antibiotics,which not only inhibits the biotreatment of wastewaters,but also pollutes the receiving water. The acute toxicity of common-used antibiotics in swine husbandry was assessed by the bioluminescence inhibition assay. The results indicated that,at the ambient temperature of20℃ ~ 25℃ and the solution pH of 6. 98 ~ 7. 02,the half inhibitory concentrations（IC50） of Lincomycin,Penicillin G and Bacitracin were 19. 45 g·L-1,10. 10 g·L-1 and 6. 91 g·L-1 respectively,which belonged to the mild toxicants; the IC50 of Chloramphenicol,Enrofloxacin,Streptomycin and Florfenicol were 473 mg·L-1,157 mg·L-1,142 mg·L-1 and95 mg·L-1 respectively,which belonged to moderate toxicants; the IC50 of Chlortetracycline and Polymyxin E were 12 mg·L-1 and 4 mg·L-1,which belonged to severe toxicants. The information of acute toxicity of common-used antibiotics in swine husbandry is helpful to understand the effect of antibiotics on the bio-treatment of wastewaters and the environmental risks originated from swine wastewater.