环境污染强制责任保险的法律制度危机及应对

Crisis and Strategies for the Legal System of Environmental Pollution Compulsory Liability Insurance

环境污染强制责任保险具有法定强制性、公私双重性、社会公益性和政府依赖性的法理意涵,能够较好达到减轻政府财政负担、分散企业经营风险和救济环境污染受害者的功效,有助于绿色发展目标的实现。我国于2013年开始环境污染强制责任保险试点工作,但试点实践已陷入"叫好不叫座"的僵局,其根本原因在于法律规则的缺位。因此,构建起一个体系健全、内容丰富的环境污染强制责任保险法律制度是破解试点僵局的必然选择。然而,正在构建中的环境污染强制责任保险法律制度,面临着正当性、有效性、规范性和技术性危机。亟须通过法律体系构建、监管体制改革、核心内容明确和配套机制创新等法律措施来应对这些危机,以促进环境污染强制责任保险实践的稳步、有序和健康发展。

In terms of legal connotation, environmental pollution compulsory liability insurance is legally compulsory and dependent on govern-ment. It is the social public welfare socially with the duality of both private and public characteristics. It can play a positive role in lightening the government＇s fiscal burden, dispersing the enterprise＇s operating risks, relieving the victims of environmental pollution, and achieving the targets of green development. As early as 2013, our country launched a pilot project on environmental pollution compulsory liability insurance. But it was favored more by the experts than by the masses due to the absence of laws and rules. Therefore, the only way to make a breakthrough is to establish a sound and inclusive legal system on environmental pollution compulsory liability insurance. As the on-going legal system is weak in legitimacy, efficiency, and technology, it becomes urgent to build a legal system, reform the supervision system, define the core content, and innovate the supporting mechanism, with a view to ensuring the steady, orderly, and healthy enforcement of environmental pollution compulsory liability insurance.