王阳明的自然观探析

A Reflection on Wang Yangming's View of Nature

王阳明"心即理"的心本论、"心生万物"的心物关系和"万物一体"的万物秩序三者内在的逻辑性和统一性,充分体现了王阳明的自然观。其心本论将天理归于人心,确立了"心"在天地万物中的根本地位,也肯定了人的主体性地位;其"心生万物"的观点,反映了一种心物合一的存在主义本体论,也体现了意识与对象合一的某种现象学意义上的认识论,并非简单的唯心主义;其"万物一体"的论述,阐述了人与自然万物的整体性,也反映了王阳明的宇宙观、社会理想及其修身之道和价值追求,其中蕴含着深刻的生态哲学思想。这些构成了王阳明自然观的主要内容和价值。

The three ideas of Heart is Li,heart give birth to all things and myriad things share one body fully reflect Wang Yangming＇s conception of nature. His mind theory implanted the transeunt Li into human＇s heart,confirmed its fundamental status and man＇s subjectivity. The connotation of heart give birth to everything reflected a kind of existential ontology for the unification of mind and material,and a kind of phenomenological epistemology for the unity of consciousness and objects,by no means of idealism. His expound of myriad things share one body elaborated the integrality of man and nature,embodying Wang Yangming＇s view of nature,his social ideal,his method for morality cultivation and pursue,containing profound thoughts of ecological philosophy. All of the above constitute Wang Yangming＇s view of nature and its value.