西方残疾理论与中国残疾文学研究——后结构分析的限制与启示

The Limitation and Revelation of Post-structuralist Analysis:Western Disability Theory and Chinese Disability-literature Studies

西方学界自20世纪70年代起构建残疾理论,并逐渐应用到文艺研究领域。相较之下,中国残疾理论发展较为滞后,只有少数学者关注残疾文学研究。西方残疾理论传承自后结构主义的方法,在解构定义和多元征引方面可启发中国残疾文学研究者再思批评对象,并考虑跨学科与在地研究。但后结构方法忽视了"残疾人"与"非残疾人"差异的淡化以及残疾主体性。中国残疾文学研究若要获得长足发展,应倡议一种以残疾作家个体为出发点、兼及理论分析的文学研究方法。

Western academia has been developing disability theory since the 1970s and applying it to literary studies. Comparatively, there are few Chinese scholars participating in developing disability theory and reviewing disability literature. Through analyzing the methodology of the Western disability theory adopted from post-structuralism, this paper argues that the deconstruction of definition and plural referencing commonly used by Western theorists can inspire Chinese disabili- ty-literature researchers to reflect on reviewed objects and to consider interdisciplinary and local studies. Meanwhile, this paper critiques post-structuralist approaches, such as the negligence of the disability subjectivity and the elimination of the difference between ＂disabled people＂ and ＂non-disabled people＂, and discusses the recent conditions of local and overseas disability literature studies, with an aim to suggest a literary research method which is based on the individuality of disabled writers and is compatible with theory.