论唐代书风的尚法与尚意

“Artistic Conception” and “Obeying the Rules” Styles of Calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty

唐代书法在中国书法艺术的发展历程中占有重要地位。"尚法"常与唐代书法联系在一起,指其总体倾向是注意点画、章法、结构的法度。"尚意"则多与宋代书法相联系,通常指追求意趣而不拘法度。但实际上,唐书既有理性之美,又有意趣之美。这既是它内在艺术规律在书法创作中的运用和体现,也是多种思想文化共同发展的结果。从唐代书法名作中可以看出,唐楷注重字形结构与笔法、章法,但呈现出的风貌却不尽相同;唐草豪放奔放,线条感强,但又遵循着书法本身的规则。可见,唐人"尚法"而不拘泥于古法。从某种意义上说,"尚法"是倡导书家对书法技法的完善,在现有的"法"上体现独特的意韵神采,也可以说是抒情尚意的体现,而非以法度束缚书家的创作及情感的表达。

Tang-dynasty calligraphy played an important role in the development of Chinese calligraphic art in history. The phrase ＂obeying the rules of the Tang dynasty＂ is to say that the general trend of Tang-dynasty calligraphy was to place importance on obeying the rules. ＂Artistic conception＂ usually refers to the pursuit of artistic interest and freedom from rules, often associated with Song dynasty calligraphy. However, calligraphy from the Tang dynasty often has beauty within rationality and beauty within uniqueness, drawing from the application and embodiment of inner artistic law in the creation of the calligraphy as well as being the result of joint development of various ideological cultures. Famous works from Tang- dynasty calligraphers show us that those using Tangdynasty regular script placed great importance on the composition of characters and techniques of the art, while also presenting different styles. Tang-dynasty cursive script was bold and unconstrained, while also behaving according to the rules of calligraphy. Therefore, ＂obeying the rules＂ did not mean sticking to the old rules. To some extent, the practice of ＂obeying the rules＂ called for the improvement of calligraphic skills while reflecting the unique meaning of existing rules and thus becoming a product of emotional expression instead of constraining calligraphers to rules.