选择与创新:西方经济学说中国化的近代考察

Choice and Innovation: A Survey of the Sinicization of Western Economic Theories in Modern China

西方经济学说中国化始于近代,是中国作为具有数千年历史的大国在汲取舶来经济理论后,转而关注自身经济转型发展需求的自然反馈。开展西方经济学说中国化的近代考察,不仅有助于整理历史上有中国特色的经济理论,也将为发展和完善中国特色社会主义政治经济学提供历史参照。西方经济学说中国化的过程,大致呈现选择、变通、发展、创新四个层次。此过程伴随着传播的发展、学习的积累、实践的演进与认识的提高,在目标确立、学术思想与成果取得上,都体现出由浅入深、层层推进的逻辑轨迹。本文以广泛的史料搜集和案例分析,系统探讨了近代以来西方经济学说中国化的探索过程、主要成果及达到的程度和高度,最终指出,西方经济学说的借鉴应汇入到经济学中国学派构建这一更高层次的学术目标,立足当代中国经济改革发展实践,建构系统总结中国经验的经济学理论体系,积极寻求基础理论的突破,从而推进经济学中国学派的形成与发展。

Summary： The sinicization of western economic theories is the selective and critical application of western economic theories to China＇s real economic problems. The creative transformation and innovative development of western economics lead to economic theories with Chinese characteristics that enrich modern economic theories. The process of sinicization is a natural outcome of China turning its attention to its own transformation and development after absorbing foreign economic theories. A survey of the sinicization of western economic theories in modern China （ from 1840 to 1949） , not only is conducive to the systematic organization of economic theories with Chinese characteristics in history, but also could lead to further exploration of the specific path of the sinieization of western economic theories, providing historical references for the development and improvement of a socialist economic theory system with Chinese characteristics. The sinicization of western economic theories proceeds in four steps： selection, adaptation, development and innovation. With greater dissemination, growing demand and knowledge improvement, this process has advanced by establishing goals, achieving academic sophistication and producing results. First, modern Chinese scholars tried to understand the inherent logic and scope of application of different western economic theories and schools. Then, considering China＇s actual conditions, Chinese academics made judgments on the relevancy of these theories. This was reflected in such debates as ＂Is the Historical School more progressive than the Classical School？＂ and ＂ Should the Chinese economy be based on agriculture or industry？＂ The study of western economic theories enabled scholars to adapt existing theories to solve China＇s problems and restructure China＇s economic system. This was a common phenomenon in modern China, especially in the development of its fiscal and financial systems. At a deeper level of sinicization, scholars also developed original theories. In modern China, economic students returning from overseas made outstanding contributions, such as Fan Hong＇s complementary comment on the Fisher equation, Wu Daye＇s discussion of economic inflation, and Liu Dazhong＇s explorations in econometrics. The highest level of sinicization was seen in the ＂ Chinese Schools of Economics＂. These emerged in the 1930s and formed a consensus in the 1940s. During this period, Wang Ya＇nan, Ma Yinchu and other scholars studied the necessity, definition and system of Chinese schools of economics. Original achievements were also made in fields such as the history of Chinese economic thought, China＇s industrialization and development economics, and the economics of people＇s livelihood. This progress proved that the sinicization of western economic theories in modern China not only held true logically but also left traces in history. Based on an extensive collection of historical materials and case studies, and with a focus on the progressive pattern of tbe sinicization of western economic theories in modern times, this paper systematically reviews modern Chinese scholars＇ theoretical explorations of sinicization that were based on the study and application of western economic theories to promote economic development in China. This progression resulted in sinicized theories through selection, adaptation, development and innovation. The efforts of these modern scholars not only promoted the analysis and transformation of China＇s macro and micro economy, but also made theoretical contributions to economics. Finally, this paper argues that the cognition and requirement for the study of western economic theories should not be limited to ＂how to use it properly＂ and ＂how to use it well,＂ but should also consider China＇s economic reforms and developments to establish a system of economics that systematically summarizes the Chinese experience and seeks breakthroughs in basic theories or even a brand-new Chinese paradigm. This conclusion deserves attention of contemporary Chinese economists.