王国秩序与帝国战略:秦“出其人”问题的历史考察

Order of the Kingdom and Strategy of the Empire:a Historical Investigation on the Policy of “Expelling the Indigenous People” in the Qin Dynasty

秦"出其人"是郡县制帝国形成史上一种极具特色的人口流动现象,是以备受学界瞩目。然综观过往研究,一个明显的缺憾是,学界多关注惠、昭两代秦王在军事层面上的"出其人",而对它在赓衍中牵涉到的经济、政治面相则鲜有论及。事实上,在兼并战争时期,军事上的"出其人"政策实与王廷中枢的排外传统紧密相关,事关秦王国耕战体制的稳固。秦甫一统,其则转型成为一种东方徙民战略,政府借此成功获取了对东方粮源的支配权,由此完成了管控东方的帝国战略。这内外两厢合力的最终目的,是为了拆解与国君抗礼的民间社会网络。它从一个侧面揭示出秦郡县制向东方展开的历史轨迹,并对有秦一代的政治地理格局产生了深远影响。

The policy of ＂Expelling the Indigenous People＂ in Qin was a distinctive phenomenon of population migration in the formation of the county system empire.It draws a lot of attention in the academic circle.But viewing previous studies,an obvious shortcoming is most scholars focused on King Hui and King Zhao＇s action of ＂Expelling the Indigenous People＂on the military ground;they rarely mentioned the economic and political aspects involved in this activity.In fact,during the merging war,the＂Expelling the Indigenous People＂policy in the military aspect was closely linked to the government＇s xenophobic tradition,which touched on the stability of Qin＇s plowing war system.As soon as Qin unified China,this policy was transformed into a strategy of oriental migration,by means of which the government successfully took control of the eastern food source,and fulfilled its imperial strategy of controlling the East and holding the North and South.The ultimate goal of this combination of internal and external power was to dismantle the civil society network which was in confrontation with the government.It actually revealed from one aspect the historical track of the county system spreading to the east.It also exerted a far-reaching influence on the political and geographical structure of the Qin dynasty.