铁路运价在近代“国煤救济”中的运用

Application of Railway Freight Strategy in Modern National Coal Relief

在20世纪30年代掀起的"国煤救济"中,基于铁路煤运价格的高昂,国人提出以铁路运价救济国煤的方略。为此,铁路当局采取多项措施减低煤运价格,包括"暂停各路煤斤加价""重订煤运特价制度""临时核减国煤运价"和"制定煤价回扣办法"等。上述铁路运价方略的运用,为国煤业渡过危机提供了支持,同时也增加了路局的营收和盈余,开启了近代中国铁路运价政策由"营利主义"向"民生主义"转变的序幕,并推动"民生主义"成为铁路当局运价政策的主旨。

Railway freight strategy was one of the main approaches used in the National Coal Relief movement in the1930 s,which was based on countrymen＇s judgment for the high price of coal railway.In light of this consensus,the railway authorities adopted many strategies to reduce coal freight,such as suspending the price increase on various railways,implementing special offer,temporarily reducing national coal freight and enacting the discount system.The application of these railway freight strategies not only helped the country＇s coal industry weather the crisis,but also increased the railway＇s revenue and profit.It unveiled the transformation of modern China＇s railway freight policy from pursuing commercialism to following the principle of people＇s livelihood and turned people＇s livelihood into the gist of railway authorities＇ freight policy.