曹操家族世系新考

Study on Cao Cao's Genealogy

曹操家族精心构建了家族的谱系,强调其自身所具有的曹参后裔身份和秦汉大族地位。综合比较、分析现存的几种曹操家族谱系文本可以看出,其内容一方面与两汉时期曹参家族的活动轨迹并不相符,尤其是缺少了家族迁徙的关键记忆;另一方面也与曹操家族真实的宗族状况相距甚远。这些矛盾都和曹操家族有意攀附祖先的行为有关。谱系书写是中古时期极为重要的知识资源,紧密关联着大族的政治和经济利益。曹操家族先后多次改易家族谱系文本即是为了迎合社会需要,表明汉末门第观念和贵族文化自觉的加强。值得注意的是,攀附祖先的谱系文本中混杂了来自官方旧有和民间新造的姓氏学知识。

The Cao Cao family had deliberately constructed their genealogical text,so as to emphasize their identity as the descendants of Cao Can and their status as one of the big families in the Qin and Han dynasties.After comprehensive comparison and analysis of several extant genealogical texts of Cao Cao family,we can find that on the one hand,the texts＇ record of the family＇s various domiciles does not match the historical record of Cao Can family＇s life trajectory during the Western and Eastern Han period;above all,it lacks key records of the family＇s migration.On the other hand,the texts＇ record is in contradiction with many of the historical reality of the Cao Cao family.These contradictions are all related to Cao Cao family＇s intention to attach themselves to their influential ancestors.The writing of genealogy was a very important source of knowledge in medieval China.It was closely linked with the political and economic interests of the prestigious families.The Cao Cao family had repeatedly changed their genealogical text,in order to meet the need of society.This indicates the intensification of societal value of＂elitism＂and nobilities＇ cultural self-consciousness at the end of the Han dynasty.It is also noteworthy that the tampered genealogical texts are mixed with various official,folk,old and new surname knowledge.