中国人群与年龄相关的重要激素自然变化趋势研究

Age-related natural change trend of important hormones in Chinese population

目的重新探讨中国人群随年龄的增长体内重要激素水平的变化趋势。方法采用横断面研究，共纳入5 935名（男性2 286名，女性3 649名）健康人群。对所有研究对象都进行了问卷调查、人体指标测量及实验室检查，包括性激素、胰岛素、甲状腺激素及25-羟维生素D水平。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验或单因素方差分析比较不同年龄组间的激素水平差异，采用Spearman分析，探讨年龄与激素水平的相关性。结果（1）卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素在40岁以后的男性和女性中均逐渐上升，并分别在80岁和60岁稳定在较高水平；雌二醇在女性40岁以后开始出现下降，并在70岁趋于稳定；性激素结合球蛋白在男性中随年龄增长而增高，但在女性绝经期有轻度下降。（2）空腹胰岛素在男性60岁以前随年龄增长而下降，但在女性中变化不显著，而空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白在男性和女性中总体随年龄增长而升高。（3）促甲状腺激素随年龄增长呈上升趋势。（4）25-羟维生素D总体随年龄增长而升高，尤其在男性中趋势更为显著。（5）在41～60岁，绝经女性卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素水平较未绝经者显著升高，雌二醇水平较未绝经者显著降低；与41～50岁未绝经女性相比，51～60岁未绝经女性雌二醇水平明显降低。结论中国人群中激素水平与年龄明显相关，并且随年龄增长呈现一定的变化趋势。

ObjectiveTo reclarify the natural change trend of several hormones with age in Chinese population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was performed including 5 935 healthy individuals （2 286 males and 3 649 females） in the final statistical analysis. All participants received questionnaire survey, anthropometric index and laboratory tests including sex-related hormones, insulin, thyroid hormones, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25（OH）D]. Kruskal-Wallis test or One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare hormone levels in different age groups. Spearman analysis was used to explore the correlation between age and hormone levels.Results（1） Follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） concentrations increased with age from 40 years in both males and females, and stabilized at high levels after the age of 60 in females and 80 in males. Estradiol level in females started to decrease since 40 years old, then stabilized around 70 years. Sex hormone binding globulin level increased significantly with age in males, but decreased in postmenopausal females. （2） Fasting serum insulin gradually decreased with age in males until 60 years, but without obvious change in females. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1C increased with age in both males and females. （3） Thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） increased slowly with age in both males and females. （4） 25（OH）D increased with age in both males and females overall, especially more obvious in males. （5） During 41-60 years, FSH and LH levels in menopausal females were much higher than those in premenopausal females, while estradiol level in menopausal females was much lower. Compared with premenopausal females aged 41-50 years, estradiol level in premenopausal females was much lower in 51-60 years.ConclusionThe levels of several important hormones are related with age, revealing a natural change trend as aging in Chinese population.