脊髓损伤后胶质瘢痕在神经再生过程中作用的探讨

The role of glial scar on axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury

在脊髓损伤再生修复的研究中,胶质瘢痕一直是非常重要的研究方向。几十年来,主流观念普遍认为胶质瘢痕是神经再生的物理屏障,而且其分泌的抑制因子会阻碍神经纤维再生。随着技术发展和研究深入,脊髓损伤修复研究领域许多传统主流观念都受到了新生力量的冲击,对胶质瘢痕的认识也不例外。该文简要回顾自20世纪30年代至今数代研究人员对脊髓损伤后胶质瘢痕组织的研究历史,并综述胶质瘢痕在神经再生与功能重建方面作用的争议及进展。希望能更好梳理和认清胶质瘢痕在脊髓损伤后的角色及定位,以期有效助力攻克脊髓损伤修复这一世界难题。

The ‘glial scar＇ has been widely studied in the regeneration of spinal cord injury（SCI）. For decades,mainstream scientific concept considers glial scar as a ‘physical barrier＇ to impede axonal regeneration after SCI.Moreover, some extracellular molecules produced by glial scar are also regarded as axonal growth inhibitors. With the development of technology and the progress of research, multiple lines of new evidence challenge the pre-existing traditional notions in SCI repair, including the role of glial scar. This review briefly reviewed the history, advance, and controversy of glial scar research in SCI repair since 1930 s, hoping to recognize the roles of glial scar and crack the international problem of SCI regeneration.