封闭式负压引流技术治疗糖尿病足对创面组织中TGF-β_1及其受体表达的影响研究

Effect of vacuum sealing drainage on expressions of transforming growth factor β_1 and its receptor in diabetic foot wound

目的探讨封闭式负压引流技术(vaccum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗糖尿病足后,创面组织中TGF-β_1及其Ⅱ型受体(typeⅡof TGF-β-receptor,TβRⅡ)表达的变化,分析VSD加快创面愈合的机制。方法将2012年5月—2016年5月收治的80例糖尿病足患者纳入研究,随机分为两组(n=40)。采用相同基础治疗的同时,VSD组创面给予VSD治疗,对照组给予外用油纱换药治疗。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、体质量、足部溃疡面积以及Wagner分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。记录两组患者创基准备时间、住院时间;治疗前及治疗后7 d时取创面组织行免疫组织化学染色,计算TGF-β_1、TβRⅡ表达阳性指数。结果 VSD组患者经1~3次VSD治疗后行植皮术,平均2次;对照组患者经1~6次换药后行植皮术,平均4次。VSD组患者创基准备时间及住院时间均较对照组明显缩短,比较差异有统计学意义(t=–13.546,P=0.036;t=–12.831,P=0.041)。两组植皮均顺利成活,创面愈合良好。免疫组织化学染色示,治疗前VSD组TGF-β_1、TβRⅡ表达阳性指数分别为5.3±2.4、14.0±2.6,对照组分别为4.4±2.3、14.7±3.1,比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.137,P=0.263;t=1.231,P=0.409)。治疗7 d后,VSD组TGF-β_1、TβRⅡ表达阳性指数分别为34.3±2.9、41.7±3.7,对照组分别为5.8±2.0、18.1±2.5,比较差异有统计学意义(t=–35.615,P=0.003;t=23.725,P=0.002)。结论 VSD可提高糖尿病足创面组织中TGF-β_1、TβRⅡ的表达,促进肉芽组织生长,加快创面愈合。

Objective To investigate the changes of transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1） and type Ⅱ of TGF-β-receptor（TβRⅡ） expressions in wound tissue after the treatment of diabetic foot with vaccum sealing drainage（VSD）,and to analyze the mechanism of accelerating wound healing. Methods Between May 2012 and May 2016, 80 patients with diabetic foot were randomly divided into 2 groups, 40 cases in each group. After the same basic treatment, the wounds of VSD group and control group were treated with VSD and external dressing, respectively. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, body mass, foot ulcer area, and Wagner grade between 2 groups（P〉0.05）. The time of foundation preparation and hospitalization stay of 2 groups were recorded. The wound tissue was collected before treatment and at 7 days after treatment, and the positive indexes of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡexpressions were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results Before skin grafting, the patients in VSD group were treated with VSD for 1 to 3 times（mean, 2 times）, and the patients in control group were treated with dressing change for 1 to6 times（mean, 4 times）. The time of foundation preparation and hospitalization stay in VSD group were significantly shorter than those in control group（t=–13.546, P=0.036; t=–12.831, P=0.041）. The skin grafts of both groups survived smoothly and the wound healed well. Before treatment, immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive indexes of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡ expressions in VSD group were 5.3±2.4 and 14.0±2.6, while those in control group were4.4±2.3 and 14.7±3.1, respectively. There was no significant difference between 2 groups（t=1.137, P=0.263; t=1.231,P=0.409）. At 7 days after treatment, the positive indexes of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡ expressions in VSD group were 34.3±2.9 and 41.7±3.7, respectively, and those in control group were 5.8±2.0 and 18.1±2.5. There were significant differences between 2 groups（t=–35.615, P=0.003; t=23.725, P=0.002）. Conclusion VSD can increase the expressions of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡ in diabetic ulcer tissue, promote granulation tissue growth, and accelerate wound healing.