废弃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料填充增强丁腈橡胶的研究

Study on NBR filled and reinforced with waste rigid polyurethane foam

废弃硬质聚氨酯泡沫(WRPUF)用常温固相力化学反应粉碎活化为活性微粉(WRPUFP),再以四乙烯五胺(TEPA)为解交联剂,利用热-力解交联反应对WRPUFP进行表面改性。用表面改性的废弃硬质聚氨酯泡沫活性微粉(MWRPUFP)作为增强填料,以马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝单体、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂与丁腈橡胶(NBR)反应生成的丁腈橡胶接枝马来酸酐(NBR-g-MAH)为相容剂,通过模压法制备MWRPUFP填充增强NBR材料。考察了TEPA、MAH、DCP、MWRPUFP用量对MWRPUFP填充增强NBR材料性能的影响。结果表明:当TEPA质量分数为5%(相对于MWRPUFP质量)、MAH用量为3.5份、DCP用量为0.75份、MWRPUFP用量为20份时,MWRPUFP填充增强NBR材料的性能最佳,其邵氏硬度为59,拉伸强度为8.61MPa,断裂伸长率为1723%,撕裂强度为28kN/m。MWRPUFP填充增强NBR材料撕裂断面的扫描电镜图表明,在热-力作用下生成的相容剂NBR-g-MAH可以改善MWRPUFP与NBR的相容性,从而提高MWRPUFP填充增强NBR材料的力学性能。

By solid-phase mechanochemical reaction,waste rigid polyurethane foam（WRPUF）was pulverized to activated powder（WRPUFP）at normal temperature.WRPUFP was surface modified by heat-force retrocrosslinking reaction（MWRPUFP）,using tetraethylene pentamine（TEPA）as retrocrosslinking agent.The reinforced NBR was prepared by compression molding,when MWRPUFP used as intensifier,NBR-g-MAH which was produced with maleic anhydride（MAH）and nitrile rubber（NBR）through the graft reaction under the initiation of dicumyl peroxide（DCP）used as compatibilizer.The effects of dosages of TEPA,MAH,DCP and MWRPUF to the reinforced NBR were investigated.The results showed that the reinforced NBR with better comprehensive property was obtained,when TEPA content was 5 wt%（relative to MWRPUFP）,the dosages of MAH,DCP and MWRPUF were 3.5 phr,0.75 phr and 20 phr separately,i.e.the shore A hardness of reinforced NBR was 59,the tensile strength was 8.61 MPa,the elongation at break was 1723%,and the tear strength was 28 kN/m.The scanning electron microscopy（SEM）photos on the tear section of reinforced NBR showed that the generated NBR-g-MAH under the action of heat-force could improve the compatibility of MWRPUFP and NBR,so as to improve the mechanical property of NBR.