小麦生产概况及其发展

General Situation and Development of Wheat Production

小麦是世界第一大口粮作物,是人类生活所依赖的重要食物来源,全球约35%~40%的人口以小麦为主要粮食。2016年世界小麦种植面积约22 010.76万hm2,约占全球谷物种植面积的30.7%,远超过玉米、水稻、大豆,居世界谷物种植面积之首。本文论述了世界小麦生产概况,包括小麦的种类、分布及主要生产国的基本情况,重点论述了中国小麦的生产和发展情况。随着社会的发展和科学技术的进步,中国的小麦生产能力逐步发展,主要体现在3个方面:一是种植面积起伏变化大,二是单产稳步提升,三是总产持续增长。无论是冬小麦还是春小麦,高产高效栽培技术和优良品种对产量的提升都起到了重要作用,我国小麦生产水平有了很大提高。

Wheat is the world＇s largest grain crop, and is an important food source for human life. About 35%-40% of the world population depends on wheat for their living. At present, the world＇s wheat planting area is about 220 107 600 hectares （2016）, which accounts for about 30.7% of the global grain planting area, far exceeding that of corn, rice and soybeans, ranking the first in the world＇s grain cultivation area. This paper discussed the general situation of wheat production in the world, including the types of wheat, its global distribution, major production regions, yield and account in total cereal crops. The production and development of Chinese wheat are mainly discussed. China＇s wheat production capacity is gradually developed. It was mainly reflected by three aspects, the large fluctuation of the planting area, steady increase in the output of the unit area, and the continuous growth of the total production. Regardless of winter wheat or spring wheat, high-yielding, efficient cultivation techniques and excellent varieties have played important roles in improving yield, and the overall production level has been greatly developed.