不同配比的控释肥对日光温室袋培番茄基质养分及其生长、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer with Different Ratio on the Substrate Nutrient,Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato Cultured in Bags in Solar Greenhouse

控释肥料由于可控的释放养分,一次性使用便可以满足作物4个多月生育期间对养分的需求,实现了肥料的高效利用,在大田中得到重视和应用。在课题组前期袋培番茄营养基质研究的基础上,根据日光温室番茄养分吸收规律,在基质中添加不同用量的控释尿素和控释氯化钾,氮钾比例为1∶1.5,呈4倍关系递增,设置4个全生育期营养基质配方处理(A、B、C、D),以不施肥(CK)和常规施肥(CKT)为对照,研究了不同处理的袋培基质养分变化及其对番茄植株生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:随着控释肥用量的增大,番茄植株的长势与产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中,处理C的应用效果最佳,基质EC值稳定,试验末期速效氮磷钾含量略低于初始值;与CK比较,处理C株高提高21.75%、茎粗提高59.46%、生物量提高75.12%、产量提高226.36%,可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量较高,果实品质提高;与CKT相比,处理C的肥料用量少,基质养分残留少,养分损失少,产量提高24.48%,肥料利用率高。结果说明,在生产中,控释肥不仅可以提高日光温室基质袋培番茄养分利用效率,而且增加产量,实现轻简化管理。

As a result of the controlled release of nutrients,controlled release fertilizer（CRF）,used once,can meet the nutrient demand of field crops for more than 4 months,which can realize the efficient use of fertilizer.Now it is applied successfully in field crops.For this reason,according to the law of tomato nutrient absorption in solar greenhouse,four kinds of different CRF treatments（A,B,C,D）were established through added different quantity of controlled release urea and potassium chloride into growth-bag substrate,the paper investigated the effects of different CRF treatments on the growth-bag substrate nutrient change,and the growth,yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouse compared with no fertilizer（CK）and conventional fertilization（CKT）.The experiment results showed that with the increase of CRF dosage,tomato plants growth and yield showed a change trend of first increase and then decrease.Among all treatments,the treatment C was the best,of which the substrate ECvalue was stable,the nutrient content of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in growth-bag substrate of treatment C became slightly lower than that at the beginning;Compared with CK,the plant height increased by 21.75%,the stem width increased by59.46%,the biomass accumulation increased by 75.12%,the yield increased by 226.36%,and the fruit quality was much improved.Compared with CKT,little nutrient was left in the substrate and the fruit yield increased by 24.48%.The experiment result indicates that CRF could increase the nutrient use efficiency andfruit yield for substrate growth-bag of tomato in solar greenhouse.