近代俄罗斯的司法现代化之路——基于司法改革进程的考察

The Road of Judicial Modernization in Modern Russia——An Investigation on the Process of Judicial Reform

近代俄罗斯的司法现代化始于其借鉴西欧法制而进行的司法改革。彼得一世对法制的欧化改革开启了俄罗斯司法现代化的进程,叶卡捷琳娜二世秉承彼得一世的改革遗愿,在＂开明专制＂之下继续推进俄罗斯司法现代化,亚历山大二世在1864年所进行的司法改革则是俄罗斯司法现代化的重大飞跃。近代俄罗斯的司法现代化是在专制君主推动之下完成的,然而专制国家的体制性局限阻碍了司法现代化目标的实现,但是近代俄罗斯的司法改革和司法现代化努力却对现代俄罗斯国家的法治发展具有重要意义。

The judicial modernization in modern Russia began with its judicial reform based on western European legal system. Peter I＇s Europeanized reform of the legal system initiated the process of judicial modernization in Russia,and adhering to Peter I＇s will,Yekaterina II continued to modernize Russia＇s judiciary under enlightened autocracy,and the judicial reform carried out by Alexander II in 1864 was a great leap forward in the course of modernization of Russian judicature. The modern Russian judicial modernization was carried out under the impetus of the autocratic monarchy. However,the institutional limitations of the autocratic state hindered the realization of the goal of judicial modernization. The judicial reform and judicial modernization efforts in modern Russia are of great significance to the development of the rule of law in modern Russia.