范式转型中的中国近代建筑——关于宾大建筑教育与美式布扎的反思

Modern Chinese Architecture as a Paradigm Shift Reflections on Architectural Education at the University of Pennsylvania and the American Beaux-Arts

由第一代建筑师所开创的中国近代建筑发展所呈现的既是各项建筑事业的创立,也是各种体系之间的传承;受到的影响既来自于西方,也来自于本土。文章以范式转型为基本视角,以毕业于宾大的第一代建筑师所接受的建筑教育为研究对象,通过对19世纪末、20世纪初在法国、美国以及中国之间的建筑教育传播过程的解读,分析布扎建筑教育的内涵和原理,以及这一过程对于现代建筑理论发展的影响,从而揭示它对于中国当代建筑学发展的价值与意义。

Modern Chinese architecture as developed by the first- generation Chinese architects represents not only the establishments of various modern architectural undertakings, but also the inheritance of traditional systems, with influences from both China and broad. Based on the theory of paradigm shift, this paper studies architectural education at the University of Pennsylvania for the first-generation Chinese architects. It introduces the processes of architectural pedagogical transfer in France, America and China around the turning of twentieth century, and analyzes the connotations and principles of American Beaux-Arts and how the processes shed light on the development of modern architectural theories, revealing the value and significance of the study on contemporary Chinese architecture.