中国湿地科学研究进展与展望——纪念中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所60周年

Progress and Prospects of Wetland Science in China——Commemorationon the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of Northeast Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences

湿地是重要的自然生态系统,也是自然生态空间的重要组成部分。国内外湿地研究源远流长。现代湿地科学发源于湖沼学,中国湿地科学历经60 a的发展,目前已初步形成了完整的学科体系。从学科定义和分支、研究对象和内容、应用领域概述了湿地科学的学科体系,从湿地生物地球化学循环、湿地生态水文与水资源、湿地生物多样性、湿地生态系统服务、湿地生态恢复与重建、湿地监测等方面评述了中国湿地科学研究的主要进展,并据此提出了未来优先研究领域。当前生态文明建设的新时代赋予湿地科学前所未有的发展机遇和动力,中国湿地科学研究得到了大力发展,并已经跻身于国际湿地科研队伍前列。

As one of very important ecosystems on the earth, the wetlands are key components of the natural ecological spaces globally. Researches on the wetlands at home and abroad have a long history. The modern wetland science is originated from limnology. Wetland science has undergone 60 years of development in China. At present, it has formed a complete disciplinary system preliminarily. This article outlines the discipline system of wetland science from the discipline definition and branches, research objects and methods, and application fields; reviewed the main progresses of the researches on wetland science in China from 6 aspects（wetland biogeochemical cycles, wetland ecological hydrology and water resources,wetland biodiversity, wetland ecosystem services, wetland ecological restoration and rehabilitation and wetland monitoring）, and put forward future research priorities. The new era of the ecological civilization construction has given unprecedented opportunities and impetus for the development of wetland science, and the researches on wetland science in China have been moving toward a new stage since then.