中国湿地分级体系建设现状与探讨

Present Situation and Discussion on Construction of Wetlands Grading System in China

在人类活动等多种因素作用下,一些湿地遭到严重破坏,湿地保护与管理已经成为涉及国家安全的重要战略问题。为了促进中国湿地分级体系的进一步规范,通过对湿地分级体系、重要湿地认定标准和湿地名录等资料整理和比较,分析了中国湿地分级管理的必要性和现状,探讨了各省、自治区和直辖市重要湿地认定标准及其名录进展等。结果表明,首先,在有限资源和条件下,中国建立湿地分级体系是十分必要的;其次,通过10余年的湿地分级管理探索,中国提出了建立包括国家重要湿地、地方重要湿地和一般湿地的湿地分级体系;有19个省、自治区和直辖市通过法规、文件的形式,明确了其湿地分级体系,13个省、自治区和直辖市已经公布了其重要湿地名录,同时,多个省级行政区分别从湿地生态系统、物种、湿地文化等方面制定了重要湿地认定标准。建立湿地分级体系是对中国现有湿地保护管理的有益补充;指出了目前中国湿地分级体系建设出现的主要问题,认为中国的湿地分级体系总体上是科学合理的,但是应该进一步明确其细化分级等级,协调地方湿地分级管理与国家要求的关系,各省、自治区和直辖市应该尽快制定地方重要湿地认定标准及其名录,正确处理湿地分级体系与湿地保护管理体系的关系。

The protection and management of wetlands had become a significant strategic issue involving in national security, due to wetlands were severely damaged because of human activities and some other factors.To promote the wetlands grading system in China, the paper analyzed the necessity and present situation of wetlands grading management in China, progress of the identification standards and lists of wetlands of importance in different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, through collecting and comparing the existing wetlands grading system, identification standards and lists of wetlands of importance etc. The results indicated that the construction of wetlands grading system in China was compulsory under the limited resources and conditions. And then the wetlands grading system including wetlands of national and local importance, and ordinary wetlands, was put forward through the exploration more than 10 years. And 19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities had confirmed explicit different wetland grading systems by the connect laws. Furthermore, the lists of wetlands of provincial importance had been released in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. At the same time, it was enacted the identification criterion of wetlands of importance in many province-level administrations, respectively from wetland ecosystem,species, wetland culture etc. The construction of wetlands grading system was as useful supplements for the existing protection and management of wetlands in China. The paper pointed out the main problems of wetlands grading system in China at present, although the wetlands grading system of China was in general reasonable and scientific. And the grading of wetlands should be further clarified and refined, and the relationship between the classification management of wetlands and national requirements should be better coordinated in the future. However, the identification standards and lists of wetlands of local importance should be enacted as soon as possible, and the relationship between the grading system and conservation system of wetlands should be correctly handled in different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.