2011-2015年山东省碘缺乏病健康教育效果分析

An evaluation of the intervention effectiveness of a health education project on iodine deficiency disorders in Shandongfrom2011 - 2015

目的了解山东省病区群众对碘缺乏病（IDD）防治知识的认知与参与情况，评价IDD健康教育和行为干预效果。方法2011-2015年，采用前瞻性研究方法，每年在山东省抽取46个碘缺乏县（市、区）作为项目县，每个项目县抽取3个乡（镇），在每个乡（镇）中心小学4-6年级开展IDD防治知识的健康教育活动；每个乡（镇）抽取3个行政村，开展社区健康教育活动。在健康教育前后，每所中心小学抽取5年级学生30名，学校所在地各抽取15名家庭主妇，进行IDD防治知识的健康教育问卷调查。结果健康教育效果评价显示，小学生与家庭主妇的IDD防治知识知晓率分别为96．06％（61232／63471）和95．44％（32576／34131），较干预前[79．00％（50038／63342）和81．25％（27281／33576）]显著提高（x2=8435．19、3326．19，P均〈0．05），小学生和家庭主妇的IDD防治知识知晓率分别提高了17．06和14．19个百分点。结论实施IDD健康教育干预措施后，山东省碘缺乏病地区IDD防治知识知晓率显著提高，达到了IDD健康教育和行为干预的效果。

Objective To find out the cognition and participation of people in the disease areas of Shandong Province on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD）, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a health education project on prevention and control of IDD. Methods From 2011 to 2015, a prospective research was used in study, 46 iodine-deficient counties （cities, districts） were selected as project counties in Shandong Province each year, and 3 townships （towns） were chosen in each project county. Health educational activities on IDD prevention and control knowledge were carried out in the central primary school, 3 villages were chosen in each selected township （town） where the health educational activities in the community were carried out. Before and after the healthy education activities, questionnaire surveys on IDD prevention and control knowledge were conducted among 30 students of grade 5 in the central primary school and 15 housewives lived near the schools in each selected township （town）. Results After the health education activities, the knowledge awareness rates of students and housewives on IDD prevention and control were 96.06% （61 232/63 471） and 95.44%（32 576/34 131 ）, respectively, which increased significantly compared with those before the intervention [79.00% （50 038/63 342） and 81.25%（27 281/33 576）], and the differences were statistically significant （X2 = 8 435.19, 3 326.19, P 〈 0.05）. Among the primary school students and housewives, the knowledge awareness rates of IDD prevention were increased by 17.06% and 14.19%, respectively. Conclusion After implementing the intervention measures of IDD health education, the awareness rate of IDD prevention and control knowledge in iodine deficiency areas in Shandong Province is significantly increased, which has achieved the effectiveness of IDD health education behavioral intervention.