上海市徐汇区某社区绝经女性骨质疏松患者现况调查与需求分析

Status survey and demand analysis on osteoporosis of postmenopausal women in a certain community of Xuhui district of Shanghai

目的了解上海市徐汇区龙华街道社区卫生服务中心绝经女性骨质疏松患者的现况和需求,为健康干预提供参考。方法通过整群随机抽样,于2016年7—9月从该社区患有骨质疏松的绝经女性患者中抽取316名进行问卷调查,运用Epi Data 3.1录入数据,SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行统计分析。结果家庭人数和骨质疏松家族史在不同严重程度骨质疏松患者间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.436,P=0.024;χ~2=7.970,P=0.019);不同严重程度骨质疏松患者在行为习惯、运动情况和饮食方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);严重骨质疏松患者发生牙齿松动脱落的比例高于一般骨质疏松且差异有统计学意义(31.6%vs 17.5%,χ~2=7.859,P=0.005),严重骨质疏松患者中,了解跌倒知识的患者跌倒的比例低于不了解的患者且差异有统计学意义(13.5%vs 33.3%,χ~2=4.571,P=0.033);患者获取骨质疏松知识的来源首位为电视或广播(98.3%),最期望的健康宣教形式是专家讲座(91.1%),最期望的内容为预防保健知识(66.4%),最期望的社区方式是医患合作(60.1%)。结论需结合社区绝经女性骨质疏松人群的需求,进一步采取相关措施以降低骨质疏松的发生和减少骨折危险因素。

Objective To understand the current situation and demand of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to provide references for health intervention. Methods A total of 316 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in the community were investigated by cluster random sampling,and Epi Data 3. 1 and SPSS 22. 0 were applied for data entry and statistical analysis. Results There were significant differences in the number of families and the family history of osteoporosis in patients with varying degrees of osteoporosis（ χ^2= 7. 436,P = 0. 024 and χ^2= 8. 415,P = 0. 015）; no significant differences were observed in behavior habits,exercise and diet among patients with different severity of osteoporosis（ all P〉0. 05）; the proportion of tooth loosening and shedding in patients with severe osteoporosis was higher than who were in general condition,and statistic difference was found between them as well（ 31. 6% vs. 17. 5%,χ^2= 7. 970,P = 0. 019）. In patients with severe osteoporosis,the proportion of patients with knowledge of falls was lower than those who did not know fall related factors in terms of the number of falls and had a statistically significant difference（ 13. 5%vs. 33. 3%,χ^2= 4. 571,P = 0. 033）; the primary source of the knowledge of osteoporosis comes from television or radio（ 98. 3%）. The most desirable form of health education are expert lectures for patients（ 91. 1%）. The most anticipated content is the knowledge of preventive health care（ 66. 4%）. The most desirable way of community is the cooperation between doctors and patients（ 60. 1%）. Conclusion Further measures should be adopted to reduce the effects of risk factors of osteoporosis and fracture based on the needs of patients.