低成本吸附剂处理酸性矿井水研究进展

Research Progress of Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Low-cost Adsorbents

酸性矿井水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是矿山大宗环境污染物,其具有的产生量大、排放持续时间长、成分复杂等特点导致传统处理工艺的成本较高,因而采用低成本吸附剂(low cost adsorbent,LCA)对其进行处理越来越受到业界的关注。论文从LCA材料对AMD的处理性能方面介绍了"天然吸附材料","工业生产副产品、废弃物及城市垃圾"和"农业废弃物"3类LCA材料在AMD处理中的研究及应用现状。指出大量的研究所采用的LCA材料对AMD中的金属离子和非金属离子均具有明显的去除作用,同时部分LCA材料还能够中和AMD中的H+。但是LCA材料处理AMD过程中也存在反应产物处置困难,对部分污染物去除效率不高等问题。基于对研究报道的综合分析,论文对该领域今后的研究和发展方向进行了展望。

The massive discharge of acid mine drainage（AMD）can lead to the destruction of the mine environment.The cost of traditional methods for AMD treatment is high,because of its large amount of emissions,long emission duration,and complex composition. Therefore,the use of low cost adsorbent（LCA）to purify AMD has attracted attention in recent years. The LCA materials are divided into three categories：＂natural absorption materials＂,＂industrial production by-products,industrial waste and municipal garbage＂,and＂agricultural waste＂. The studies of the application of the three LCA materials in AMD treatment are summarized. The results showed that LCA materials can significantly remove metal ions and nonmetal ions in AMD,while some LCA materials can also neutralize H＋ in AMD. However,it is also difficult to dispose of the reaction products during processing,and the removal efficiency for some pollutants is not high. Based on the comprehensive analysis of study reports,the future research and development direction in this field is forecasted.