上海大都市区物流企业区位分布特征及其演化

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Evolution of Logistics Enterprises in Shanghai Metropolitan Area

物流企业的空间分布决定城市物流空间格局、影响城市资源和生产空间的合理配置。以上海大都市区1995年以来物流企业属性数据为基础,综合应用区位商、平均最近邻、核密度及协同区位商等测度方法,探究各类物流企业的区位及其演化特征。研究发现:(1)受资源禀赋、区位条件及发展定位不同的影响,上海大都市区物流业发展水平存在明显的时空异质性,区域各类物流企业的时空发展水平差异显著;(2)上海大都市区物流企业正由"中心布局"转变为多"核心-边缘"模式,在中心区集聚极化的同时,郊区外围也集聚分布了大量物流企业,城市物流空间不断向外围扩张;(3)货代类和综合物流类企业通过信息共享、服务零库存等因素,促进企业间的共位选择;其他类型物流企业由于地域分工、企业选址分散,则出现了区位互斥现象。研究揭示了上海大都市区物流空间区位特征,既补充了城市物流的理论研究,也为今后城市物流业和物流设施发展提供借鉴。

The spatial distribution of logistics enterprises determines the spatial pattern of urban logistics and affects the rational allocation of urban resources and production space. Based on the data of logistics enterprises in Shanghai since 1995,this study uses the measurement methods such as location quotient,average nearest neighbor,kernel density and co-location quotient to explore the location and evolution characteristics of various logistics enterprises. The results show that：（ 1） Due to the different resource endowments,location conditions and development orientation,the development level of logistics industry in Shanghai metropolitan area is obviously space-time heterogeneity,and the difference of space-time development level among various logistics enterprises in the region is significant.（ 2） The logistics enterprises in Shanghai metropolitan area are shifting from ＂central layout＂to multi-core-periphery model. While logistics enterprises are concentrated and polarized in the central area,a large number of logistics enterprises are clustered and distributed outside the suburbs. The urban logistics space is expanding to the periphery.（ 3） Freight Forwarder and integrated logistics enterprises through the information sharing,zero inventory services and other factors,to promote mutual choice between enterprises;other types of logistics enterprises due to geographical division of labor,business locations scattered,there has been the location of mutual exclusion phenomenon. This research reveals the location characteristics of Shanghai metropolitan logistics space,which not only complements the theoretical research of urban logistics,but also provides reference for the development of urban logistics and logistics facilities in the future.