国内外绿色发展制度演化的历史脉络及启示

Historical Context and Enlightenment of Domestic and Foreign Green Development Regime

面对全球性的生态问题和经济下行压力,世界各国先后推出了"绿色新政",旨在通过制度创新来保障绿色增长方式的可根植化问题,以此探索可持续包容发展。国外绿色发展制度建设过程经历了发展理念的两次跃升,即从"可持续发展"到"绿色新政",因而可概括为:"萌芽"、"发展"和"突破"3个阶段,总体来说是环境问题驱动、价值观引领的螺旋式上升过程,政府和市场的重要性交替显现;与发达国家相比,国内绿色发展制度经历了"自发"、"追赶"、"并跑"到"创新"的4个阶段,带有自上而下的中央集权特征,战略规划起了导向作用。无论是国外还是国内,绿色发展制度的形成实质上都是社会公众绿色意识的不断加强在社会制度上的反映。在梳理国内外绿色发展制度演变的逻辑规律的基础上,提出塑造绿色文化以培育绿色发展制度价值观,以战略规划和市场配置来构建体制观,协调统一绿色法律制度、创设中国特色标准体系以维护法制观,采用样板试点巩固绿色发展制度示范观等若干启示。

In the face of global ecological degradation and economic depression,governments all over the world have launched the ＂Global Green New Deal ＂, aiming to guarantee the embeddedness of green growth mode through the institutional innovation and thus to explore a sustainable and inclusive development. The process of green development regime in developed countries has experienced two leaps in the green development philosophy,i. e. from the ＂Sustainable Development＂to the ＂Global Green New Deal＂. Hence,it can be summarized into three stages： ＂budding stage＂, ＂development stage ＂and ＂breakthrough stage ＂. Generally, it is an upward spiral process driven by environment problems and guided by the green development philosophy. The government and the market play an important role alternatively in this process. Different from the developed countries,China＇s green development regime evolution has experienced four stages, i. e., ＂spontaneous stage ＂,＂catching-up stage＂, ＂paralleling stage ＂ and ＂innovation stage ＂, with the characteristics of top-down centralization. In this process, the strategic planning has played a guiding role. Essentially, the formation of green development regime is a reflection of increasing green awareness of the public on social institution both domestic and abroad. Based on combing the evolutionary course of the domestic and foreign green development regime,this paper proposes the following enlightenments： building the green development values by cultivating green culture; constructing the innovative institution by combining the strategic planning and market allocation;maintaining a uniformed legal system by coordinating various green development laws and creating standard system with China characteristics; reinforcing the demonstration of the green development regime with demonstration pilots.