论我国宪法涉海条款的规范构造

On Normative Establishment of the Sea-related Provisions in the Constitution of China

宪法涉海条款是调整涉海宪法关系的具体宪法条文,域外宪法涉海条款的主要表述模式是国家权力模式,其又有领土主权模式、资源主权模式和管辖权模式之别,受制于立宪时间、地理位置以及海域状况等因素,世界各国宪法采取的表述模式与方式存在差异。在宪法解释路径难以满足海洋维权的背景下,我国可以通过宪法修正案的方式实现涉海条款的入宪。受宪法规范与宪法结构等因素的影响,我国应采取领土主权和资源主权相结合的表述模式,并合理确定其表述位置、内容与方式,从而形成我国的宪法涉海条款。

The sea-related constitutional provisions are specific provisions of the Constitution governing the constitutional sea-related relationship. The main expression model of foreign sea-related constitutional provisions is the model of state power, which includes territorial sovereignty model, resource sovereignty model and jurisdiction model. Subject to elements such as the time of enacting the Constitution, geographical location, the situation of the sea, there are differences in the models and methods of expression of the Constitution adopted by countries around the world. Under the background that the method of constitutional interpretation hardly satisfies the requirement of protecting marine rights, China can adopt the ＇constitutional amendment to realize the aim of incorporating sea-related provisions into the Constitution. Influenced by such factors as constitutional norms and constitutional structures, China should adopt an expression mode combining territorial sovereignty and resource sovereignty, and reasonably determine its expression position, content, method, thus forming China＇ s sea-related constitutional provisions.