我国刑罚附随后果制度的完善

The Improvement of the System of Consequences Incidental to Penalty in China

我国存在大量的包括"职业禁止""资格限制"等在内的非刑罚性禁止或限制措施,散见于不同层阶的制度,内容分散,标准不一,依据不明确,前置条件与后果的逻辑关联性不强,加上对受过刑罚的人员的个别价值评价性做法,使得受过刑罚处罚人员回归社会面临许多难题。刑罚附随后果制度合理存在的价值基础应该是:在必要的预防前提下,尽可能地接纳受过刑罚的人回归社会。为此,整个社会要担负起拯救犯罪者、改造犯罪者并使其回归社会的义务,同时,有必要在国家层面对刑罚附随后果予以缓和与松绑,整体提升刑罚附随后果制度的设立层阶,体系性地构建刑罚附随后果制度,改进和优化其具体内容,合理地控制禁止和排斥的范围,理性地给予受过刑罚的人员以出路。

There are a large number of non-penal prohibitions or restrictive measures in China, including ＂occupational prohibition＂ and ＂qualification restriction＂, which are distributed in different levels of systems, with scattered contents, varied standards and indeterminate foundation. The weak logical relationship between preconditions and consequences and the acts of assessing valuation of individuals with penalty experience make persons criminally punished confront many difficulties in returning the society. The value basis for existence of the system of consequences incidental to penalties should be to make the society accept those criminally punished as far as possible under the premise of necessary crime prevention. Therefore, the whole society should shoulder the obligation to save the criminals and transform the criminals and make them return to society. Meanwhile, at the national level, it is necessary to ease and loose the consequences incidental to penalties, wholly improve the level of the system of consequences incidental to penalties, systematically establish the system of consequences incidental to penalties, and improve and optimize the specific content of such system, reasonably control the scope of prohibition and exclusion, giving persons criminally punished an outlet.