3～6年级听障儿童语义加工的发展特点

The Development of the Semantic Processing by Hearing-Impaired Children Between Grade 3 and Grade 6

本研究采用语义距离判断任务,探讨3~6年级听障儿童语义加工的发展特点。结果发现:(1)听障儿童图片语义加工的正确率(反应时)显著高(长)于词汇语义加工,说明听障儿童语义加工以图片语义加工为优势加工;(2)6年级无生命语义加工的正确率显著高于有生命语义加工,而其他年级在有、无生命语义加工的正确率上差异不显著;听障儿童有生命语义加工的反应时显著长于无生命语义加工,尤其表现在图片语义加工上;(3)3、4、5年级听障儿童语义加工(正确率、反应时)发展水平较低且差异不显著,听障儿童的语义加工从6年级开始迅速发展,且与3、4、5年级差异非常显著,6年级可能是听障儿童语义加工发展的一个关键期。

This study, by using a three-factor mixed design to test 106 hearing-hnpaired children between Grade 3 and Grade 6 from a certain special education school in Hainan Province, aims to explore the features of development of the semantic processing by hearing-impaired children between Grade 3 and Grade 6. The results show the following： （1） The heating-impaired children showed a significantly higher rate of accuracy and a signif- icantly longer reaction time in the semantic processing of pictures than in the semantic processing of words, indi- caring that the semantic processing of pictures by hearing-impaired children was a dominant semantic processing; （2） the 6th-grade hearing-impaired children showed a significantly higher rate of accuracy in the inanimate se- mantic processing than in the animate semantic processing, but the other graders showed no significant difference in the rate of accuracy between the animate semantic processing and the inanimate semantic processing; the hear- ing-impaired children showed a significantly longer reaction time in the animate semantic processing （especially the semantic processing of pictures） than in the inanimate semantic processing; and （3） the hearing-impaired children between Grade 3 and Grade 5 showed a lower rate of accuracy and a shorter reaction time in semantic processing, but the hearing-impaired children in Grade 6 showed rapid development in semantic processing, and there was a significant difference between those in Grade 6 and those between Grade 3 and Grade 5, indicating that Grade 6 was likely to be a critical period for the development of hearing-impaired children＇ s semantic processing.