浙江中部披山海域蟹类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

Crab community structure and its relationship with environment factors in Pishan waters of the middle of Zhejiang Province

根据2015年11月、2016年2、5、8月在浙江中部披山海域进行渔业资源调查所获得的资料,分析了浙江中部披山海域蟹类的种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征,同时,研究了群落结构的相似性,以及群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,所得渔获物共鉴定出蟹类19种,隶属于6科9属,其中优势种为三疣梭子蟹、日本蟳、双斑蟳和隆线强蟹等4种。不同季节的蟹类种类组成差异较大,而优势种类组成变化较大,其中,蟹类种类数以夏季最多,冬季最少。从不同水深区域的渔获种类分布趋势分析,蟹类种类数以5~15 m水深带较多,小于5 m和15~20 m水深带较少。生物多样性指数夏季最高,冬季最低。从不同水深区域分析,多样性指数在10~15 m水深带较高,5~10 m水深带较低。冗余分析结果认为,表层水温、表层盐度和底层盐度是影响调查海域蟹类种类组成和群落结构特征的主要环境因子。

Based on the data collected from seasonal comprehensive surveys of the marine ecosystem in Pishan waters,the middle of Zhejiang Province in November,2015 and in February,May,and August,2016,the crab community characteristics such as species composition,dominance species and diversity were studied.The similarity of community structure and the relation between community structure and hydrological environment factors were analyzed.A total of 19 crab species were identified,which belonged to 9 genera in 6 families.The dominant species were Portunus trituberculatus,Charybdis japonica,C.bimaculata and Eucrate crenata.The composition of crab species and dominant species showed clear seasonal changes.The number of crab species in summer was the greatest and the least was in winter.The distribution of crab species at various depth of water showed the following trend.The species at 5–10 m and 10–15 m depth of waters was major,the water depth of less than 5 m and15–20 m was minor.The diversity index of summer showed high range of variaton,the diversity index of winter showed lower values of variation.Diversity index of crab at the 10–15 m depth was higher,the 5–10 m depth of waters was lower.Based on redundancy analysis,surface water temperature,surface and bottom salinity were the most important environmental factors affecting the change of the crab species composition and community structure characteristics.