知识与德行的断裂:校园欺凌者何以知善而不为善——从学生意志薄弱现象看校园欺凌事件

Rupture between Moral Knowledge and Action: Why School Bullies have Moral Knowledge but not Act Morally:On School Bullying from the Viewpoint of Students' Weakness of the Will

出于意志薄弱的校园欺凌者,明知欺凌是错的,却由于强烈的情感和欲望阻断了理性的运用,从而无法使自己的实际行为与其理智判断相一致。欺凌者意志薄弱实质上是由于不明确的实践之知与不完善的品格导致的。具体表现为既知又无知,知善而不为善,在内在选择与外化行动之间出现链条断裂。化解意志薄弱所导致的欺凌行为应从理由化、品格化、德性与德行化入手。即培育实践之知,涵养品格之优,辅以情感和欲望的引导,使实践之知与品格和情感完全融合以使德性驻扎灵魂,通过习惯养成使道德原则被学生"持有并运用",从而在习惯化的教导中走向德行。

School bullies who has weakness of the will recognize that bullying is wrong, however the passions and appetites which make them lose their mind are so strong that they cannot accord their deeds with their words. The bullies＇ weakness of the will actually result from their lack of practical wisdom and moral virtue which embodies in their both knowing and not knowing, both knowing the good and not doing the good, as well as in the rupture between their internal choice and their external behavior. Moral education plan to solve such bullying problem caused by the weakness of the will should cultivate students from moral knowledge to habituated action and virtues.That is to cultivate their practical wisdom and noble character, accompanying by their tamed passions and appetites. Such way will unite practical wisdom with steady character which make virtues emerge in the soul. Finally, the abstract moral principles can be learned and applied in life by moral education which make school bullies become virtuous.