甾体生物碱定量分析方法的研究进展

Research Progress on Quantitative Analysis Methods of Steroidal Alkaloids

甾体生物碱是天然甾体的含氮衍生物,在化学特性和生物活性方面具有甾体类和生物碱类化合物的双重属性。甾体生物碱是贝母、黄杨、藜芦、龙葵等传统中药中的主要药效成分,并且也存在于马铃薯、蕃茄、茄等常用食物中。现代药理学研究表明,甾体生物碱类成分在抗肿瘤、心血管系统、抗菌、杀虫等方面具有很强的活性,同时也具有较强的毒性。甾体生物碱因其结构的特殊性,对其定量分析造成一定难度。对1998—2017年相关文献中甾体生物碱类成分的定量分析方法进行综述,其中应用于甾体生物碱总含量的测定方法主要有分光光度法-酸性染料比色法、酶联免疫吸附法、滴定法等;特定甾体生物碱的含量普遍采用高效液相色谱法,主要包括HPLC-UV,HPLC-ELSD,HPLC-MS和HPLC-CAD等。本文对近20年甾体生物碱定量分析的相关研究进行了归纳,并对各种含量测定方法的优势和局限性加以总结,以促进对相关中药质量以及相关食物安全性控制方法的改进和提升,同时也为甾体生物碱类成分以及相关中药的进一步开发利用提供分析方法方面的参考。

Steroidal alkaloids are nitrogenous derivatives of natural steroids,with dual properties of steroids and alkaloids in chemical properties and biological activities. Steroidal alkaloids act as the main pharmacodynamic components of Fritillaria, Buxus sinica, Veratrum nigrum, Solanum nigrum, and other traditional Chinese medicines,and they are also found in some common foods such as potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that steroidal alkaloids are highly active in anti-tumor,cardiovascular system,antibacterial,insecticidal and other activities,but also had high toxicity. The quantitative analysis of steroidal alkaloids is difficult because of its particularity of structure. In the review of quantitative analysis methods for steroidal alkaloids in the literature from 1998 to 2017,the methods for determining total content of steroid alkaloids mainly included spectrophotometry-acid dye colorimetry,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and titration. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was generally used in the quantitative analysis of specific steroid alkaloids, mainly including HPLC-UV, HPLC-ELSD, HPLC-MS and HPLC-CAD. In this paper,the related studies on the quantitative analysis of steroid alkaloids in the past 20 years were summarized,and the advantages and limitations of the various methods were analyzed,in order to improve and promote the control methods for the quality of related traditional Chinese medicines and the safety of related foods,and provide a reference on the analysis methods for the the further development and utilization of steroidal alkaloids and related traditional Chinese medicines.