转基因抗除草剂油菜杂种优势利用系统研究Ⅲ-油菜施用草铵膦残留及对后茬作物水稻的影响研究

A Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant System for Utilization of Heterosis in Rapeseed(Brassica napus) Ⅲ-Study on the Effects of Glufosinate Ammonium Application Residues in Edible Rape on Rice with Rear Crops

为研究草铵膦在油菜植株、土壤中的消解情况及其残留对下茬作物水稻的影响,本研究采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术,研究了转基因和非转基因油菜施用灭生性除草剂草铵膦后叶片和土壤中草铵膦的消解动态及对后茬作物水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明:苗期施用1%草铵膦,转基因和非转基因油菜叶片中的半衰期分别为5.3 d和3 d,喷药后21 d,转基因油菜叶片中测不出草铵膦存在;在田间条件下夏季土壤和秋季土壤中草铵膦的半衰期分别为2.5 d和6.6 d,夏季土壤和秋季土壤分别在中第14天和第28天检测不到草铵膦;室内恒温4℃和25℃情况下,草铵膦降解速率较田间环境中缓慢,半衰期分别为21 d和14.4 d。水稻播种前15 d,土壤喷施1%和10%浓度草铵膦,水稻出苗率明显低于不施处理,10%处理叶片SPAD值在播种后30 d内一直最低,肉眼可见偏黄绿色,但随着时间的推移,各处理出苗数与叶片SPAD值接近,处理间根长、农艺性状、产量等因素差异不明显,说明油菜田施用草铵膦对后茬作物水稻安全。本研究为草铵膦在油菜和水稻轮作体系中的使用提供合理指导。

In order to study the dissipation of glufosinate in rape plant and soil and the effect of its residue on next-season rice, UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to study the dissipation of glufosinate in leaves and soil of transgenic and non-transgenic oilseed rape after being used with exogenous herbicide glufosinate as well as the impact on the growth and development of next-season crop rice. The results showed that treated with 1% glufosina- te in seedling stage, half-lives in the leaves oftransgenic and non-transgenic oilseed rape were 5.3 d and 3 d, respectively. No glufosinate was found in transdenic oilseed rape after 21 days of spray. In the field condition, half-lives of glufosinate in summer and autumn soil were 2.5 d and 6.6 d respectively, and no residue was detected after 14 d and 28 d of spray, respectively. However, the half-lives of glufosinate were 21 d and 14.4 d respectively under 4℃ and 25℃ in the controlled-room condition, and the the degradation rate in this condition was slower than that in the field. 1% and 10% glufosinate were sprayed in the field 15 d before rice sowing, and the seed germination rates were significantly lower than in non-sprayect conctmon.The SPAD value of 10% glufosinate treatment were detected at the lowest stage within 30 d after sowing with visible yellow-green color. As time passed, seed germination number and leaf SPAD value were close among each treatment. No significant differences were found in root length, agronomic characteristics and yield between treatments, indicating that the usage of glufosinate in oilseed rape was safe to the next-season crop rice. The study might provide reasonable guidance for the application of glufosinate in rape and rice rotation systems.