中国地方鸭品种的边际多样性分析

Marginal diversity analysis of Chinese domestic duck breeds

为系统评价中国地方鸭品种或遗传资源的遗传多样性,对其进行有效保护,并使保种经费得到最为有效的分配和使用,采用边际多样性方法,并结合STR分型的DNA遗传距离、灭绝概率等对中国21个地方鸭品种或遗传资源的品种贡献率、边际多样性及保护潜力进行分析。结果表明:中山麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、吉安红毛鸭的灭绝概率最高,分别达到0.67、0.59和0.59;临武鸭、金定鸭、高邮鸭的灭绝概率最低,分别为0.15、0.18和0.19;群体现实多样性为7.718 6,500年后群体期望多样性为5.138 4±1.150 2;中国番鸭的边际多样性最大(-2.189 6),占期望多样性的42.61%;广西小麻鸭次之(-0.484 9),占期望多样性的9.44%;金定鸭的边际多样性最小(-0.119 2),占期望多样性的2.32%。番鸭的保护潜力最大(0.612 0),广西小麻鸭次之(0.287 6),金定鸭的保护潜力最小(0.021 0)。该研究计算的保护潜力可为制定中国地方鸭品种或遗传资源的保护顺序提供了理论参考。

In order to systematically evaluate and effectively protect the genetic diversity of Chinese domestic duck breeds, and to ensure the most effective allocation and usage of conservation funding, this paper used marginal diversity method, combined with DNA genetic distance of STR typing, and extinction probabilities to analyze the contribution rate, marginal diversity and marginal diversity of 21 Chinese domestic duck breeds or genetic resources. The results showed that the extinction rate of Zhongshan duck, Guangxi duck and Ji＇an duck was 0.67, 0.59, 0.59, and that of Linwu duck, Jingding duck and Gaoyou duck was 0.15, 0.18, 0.19, respectively. Real diversity of populations was 7. 718 6 and the expect diversity of populations after five hundreds years was 5. 138 4＋ 1. 150 2. the marginal diversity of Chinese Muscovy duck was biggest （-2. 189 6）, accounting for 42.61% of the expect diversity, followed by Guangxi duck （-0. 484 9, 9.44%）, and the Jingding duck was smallest （-0. 119 2, 2.32%）. The protection potential of Muscovy duck was biggest （0. 612 0）, followed by Guangxi duck （0. 287 6）, and Jingding duck was smallest （0. 021 0）. This study provide the reference for formulating protection order of Chinese domestic duck breeds or genetic resources.